UNIT3SECTION3被动语态一．被动语态是教学中的难点，除了常见的bedone还有getdone;tobedone;beingdone。1getdone也是常见的一种形式，它强调动作。如，Thethiefgotcaughtstealing那个贼正偷东西时被抓住拉。Theoldmangotrunoverwhenpassingacrossthestreet.老人过街时被车辗拉。Thegirlgotburntwhentravelling.在旅途中小女孩晒伤拉。注意：这种结构中，get后的动词必须是及物动词，才能用被动。否则不行。我们不说getworked;getrun;getlaughed;getgone等。另外，还要注意它和getsbtodosth;getsbdoing.;getsthdone;getsthdoing的区别。1>Getsbtodosth让---做---Afterschool,theteachergotustocleantheclassroom.如果让某人一直做，就用getsbdoingsthDuringthemeal,Tomgotuslaughingallthetime.2>getsthdone是让---被做；或某人某物遭遇到---Mycardoesn’twork,soIwillgetitrepairedWhileshopping,Igotmywalletstolen.<某人遭遇到---》用心爱心专心值得一提的是，getsthdone中，也是只有及物动词才有done的形式，否则就用getsthdoing的形式.Idon’tknowwhyIcantgetmycarworking.2Tobedone当句子的主语，是动词不定时的动作执行者时，用这种形式。它可以表示下列具体用法。1>表将来的被动,ThesegoodstobeshippedtoAmericatomorrowareproducedinChina.明天要运往美国的这些货物是在中国制造的Thosebookstobepublishedagainnextmonthhavesoldwell.下个月要再次印刷的那些书销量不错Withtheproblemstobesolved,hecouldn’tsleepwelldayandnight.那些问题要解决，他日夜无法休息好2>表事实的被动。这类形式常和表示人的心态和向往的动词用在一起，如IwasgladtobeinvitedtothebirthdaypartyIhopetobeacceptedasamemberoftheorganization.2>习惯搭配形式。Sb/sthbesaidtobedone/havebeendone.如，Thosefilmsaresaidtobedeveloped用心爱心专心Themanwassaidtohavebeenkilledintheaccident.这类结构除了besaid,还有bereported;bebelieved;beguessed等。3Beingdone它可以理解为分词的被动，也可以理解为动名词的被动，根据具体情况而定。动名词被动1>做主语表示事实或真理Beinglaughedatispainful.Beingexposedinthesunrunseasily.2>做动词宾语或介词宾语。Noonelikesbeingbrokeninwhilespeaking.Withoutbeingnoticed,thethiefslippedtheroom表进行。TheproblemsbeingdiscussedatpresentareabouthousingconditionsThecarsbeingproducednowwillbeexportedtosomeAfricancountries.4>表原因用心爱心专心Beingexcited,hecould’tsayaword.本句beingexcited相当于一个原因状语从句Asheisexcited.二主动表被动。1>.含有系动词的句子。Thehome-madecakestastedelicious.句中的taste不能写成aretasted.类似的系动词还有sound,smell,touch,feel等。2>getdone结构本身就是被动结构，无须在用begotdone.如：Duringthewar,thefamousprofessorgotkilled.类似的短语还有，getmarried,getlost,getdrunk---get后的动词常用过去分词形式，表被动。在如，Myhandgotburntwhencooking.3>表示开始，结束，运动的动词。如，begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。Workbeganat7thismorning./Sundayfoundhimunwell.4>表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。read,write,act,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,drink等。结构常为本sthvadv.如，Thebookreadswell/Theshirtwasheseasily.5>少数动词用ING形式表主动意义。如，print,build,cook,fry,hang,build,make等。Thebooksareprinting./Themeatiscooking.6>介词in/on/under---+n的短语表被动。Theseancientpaintswillbeonshow./Withthehelpofthe用心爱心专心teacher,wehavemaderapisprogress.用心爱心专心
