外研版英语必修6 Module6 Section 2 Background information for Module6 War and peaceVIP免费

Module6WarandPeacePartTwo:TeachingResources第二部分：教学资源Section2:BackgroundinformationforModule6WarandPeace1.D-Day:OperationOverlordOnthe6thJune,1944,thelargestamphibiousassaultinhistorywaslaunchedagainsttheNormandycoast–itsultimategoal,theestablishmentofanalliedfootholdinNazi-occupiedFrance.HavingseenthetideofthewarturninNorthAfricain1942,andthesubsequentinvasionofSicilyandmainlandItalyin1943,therewasgrowingpressureonthealliestoopenupanewfrontbylaunchinganinvasionofnorth-westEurope.Thiswascompoundedbythefightingontheeasternfront,whichhadseentheRussianssufferinghugecasualtieswhileslowlygrindingtheirwayforwardagainstthetotteringWehrmacht.Therefore,inJuly1943,thefirstplanswereputinplaceforinvasion–thetarget,Normandy.2.Rootcausesofwar▲CultureofviolenceThecultureofviolencepervadesoursociety,glorifyingwarratherthaneducatingforpeace,nonviolence,andinternationalcooperation.▲GlobalizationEconomicglobalizationhasmarginalizedbroadsectionsoftheworld’spopulation,furtherwideningthegapbetweenrichandpoor.▲UseofenvironmentalresourcesTheuseofenvironmentalresourcesisneithersustainablenorun-equitable.Theworld’sdominantconsumersareoverwhelminglyconcentratedamongthewelloff,buttheenvironmentaldamagefromitfallsmostseverelyonthepoor.▲Colonialismandneo-colonialismIndigenousandun-representedpeoplesaresufferingfromthesuppressionoftheirrighttoself-determination,ethnicandculturalgenocide,theviolationoftheircultural,languageandreligiousfreedoms,andthemilitarisationandnuclearisationoftheirlives,landsandwaters.▲Racial,ethnic,religious,andgenderintoleranceEthnic,religiousandracialintolerance,andnationalismareamongtheprincipalsourcesofmodernarmedconflict.▲Genderinjustice用心爱心专心Thecostsofthemachismothatstillpervadesmostsocietiesarehighformenwhosechoicesarelimitedbythisstandard,andforwomenwhoexperiencecontinualviolencebothinwarandinpeace.▲Lackofprotectionandrespectforchildren&youthChildrenandyouthcontinuetobeexploitedandvictimized,particularlyinviolentconflictsituationswhereharmingchildrenhasbecomenotonlyaconsequence,butfrequentlyastrategyofwar.▲LackofdemocracyandjustglobalgovernanceThepromotionofdemocracyatalllevelsofsocietyisaprerequisiteforreplacingtheruleofforcewiththeruleoflaw.▲BeliefthatviolenceandwarfareareinherentinhumannatureItiscommonlyassumedthatviolenceandwarfareareinherentinhumannature.▲LocalcommunityviolenceViolenceinlocalcommunitiespavesthewayforconflictsatnationalandinternationallevels.▲ReligionsReligionshavebeenacauseofwar.3.MovementfortheAbolitionofWarWehaveallthepotentialtools,skillsandlawsneededtoabolishwar.Joinusinhelpingtobuild:▲AnendtoarmsalesWellresearchedcampaignthroughParliamentandtheMedia▲EconomicjusticeForthosewholackbasicresources▲TheCriminalCourtEverynationalormilitaryleadertbeaccountableinternationally▲AmoreequitableUNGivepoorandsmallstatesavoice▲PoliticalRightsForpersecutedminorities▲AWorldPeaceforceInsteadofgunboatdiplomacy▲ConflictpreventionEarlyoutsidemediationbytheUNwithCivilianmonitors▲HonouredtreatiesSuchasKyoto,LandminesandtheNuclearTestBanTreaty▲EducationforpeaceInschools,collegesandtheMedia用心爱心专心