第四讲主谓一致[语法规则再现]一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致即谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。原则情况语法一致(1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。(2)manya＋单数名词/morethanone所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)代词each以及由every，some，no，any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each，every时，谓语需用单数。意义一致(1)形式单数但意义为复数的people，thepolice，cattle等谓语动词用复数。(2)The＋形容词表示一类人的theyoung/old/injured/wounded等谓语用复数。(3)表示某国人的总称的theChinese，theBritish等谓语用复数。(4)以s结尾的不可数名词或学科名词：如news新闻，physics物理，mathematics/maths数学，economics经济学，politics政治学，谓语用单数。(5)有些单复数同形的名词，如means方式，aircraft飞机，deer鹿，fish鱼等，作主语时，应根据单数概念或复数概念判断谓语。(6)集体名词family，audience，crew，crowd，class，company，committee作主语时，主语指整体用单数，反之用复数。(7)金钱，时间，价格，度量衡等复数名词作主语时，看成一个整体时谓语动词用单数。就近原则(1)由neither...nor...；either...or...；notonly...butalso...；not...but...等连接主语(2)therebe...and...特殊情况处理方式举例不定式，动名词，名词从句作主语谓语用单数Doingsportsisbeneficialtoourhealth.A＋togetherwith，alongwith，with，except，aswellas＋B作主语谓语动词与A一致MarytogetherwithhersistersisstudyingChineseinChina.先行词＋which/who/that(作主语)引导定语从句从句谓语与先行词一致Iwillplaychesswithmyfriendswhoaregoodatit.oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词从句谓语用复数Heisoneofthestudents作主语引导的定语从句whowinthefirstprizeinourschool.theonly/veryoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词作主语引导的定语从句从句谓语用单数Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowinsthefirstprizeinourschool.all/some/half/any/part/most/therest＋of＋名词或代词作主语谓语与of后的词一致Therestofthelectureisquiteboring.A(large)numberof＋复数名词作主语谓语用复数Anumberofcitiesinourcountryarebecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.Thenumberof＋名词复数作主语谓语用单数ThenumberofathletescompetingintheOlympicGameshasincreased.书名，剧名，报纸名称及国家名称的复数名词作主语谓语用单数TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Manya或Morethanone所修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数Manyacomputergameinfluencesyoungpeople'slifebadly.[典型例题分析]1．(2019年湖南湘中名校高三第一次大联考)Hearinglossinalargenumberofteenagerscausedbecauseoftheirlisteningtoloudmusic.A．isB．hasC．areD．haveA[考查主谓一致。句意：很多年轻人听力衰退是因为他们听了声音特别大的音乐而引起的。Hearinglossinalargenumberofteenagers是动名词短语作主语，当动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数，这里句子的主语与cause之间是被动关系，故选A项。]2．(2019年山西省长治市第二中学高三第二次联考)Anincreasingnumberofstudents，yearbyyear，acrossChinahardtorealizetheirdreamofstudyingabroad.A．istryingB．aretryingC．willtryD．havetriedB[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着学生数量越来越多，整个中国都在努力实现他们出国学习的梦想。从句意看是现在进行时，主语是China，因为后面用their，所以这里指中国人，谓语是复数，故选B项。][语法专项对练]单句语法填空1．Everythinggoes(go)wellasweexpected.2．Therewas(be)aplaygroundandseveraltreesattheendofthisroadtenyearsago.3．Whethertheywillcomedepends(depend)ontheweather.4．Mostofthedrinkingwatercomes(come)fromtheBlackRiver.5．NotonlythetwinsbutalsoMarydoes(do)morningexerciseseveryday.6．Eitheryouorshehas(have)madeawrongdecision.7．Thepoliceare(be)tryingtocatchthethief.8．RecentlythenumberofthevisitorstoHongKongisincreasing(increase)，andanumberofthemare(be)forshopping.9．Morethanoneroomisneeded(need)tonight.10．Whenandwheretogohas(have)beendecided.11．Readingbooksisplaying(play)animportantroleinstudents'lifenow.12．Theyoungare(be)thehopeofacountry.13．Lucyistheonlyoneofthegirlswhogets(get)upat6：00everyday.14．Politicsisstudied(study)bymoreandmorestudents.15．Threehourswerespent(spend)tofinishthistasklastnight.16．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowis(be)oftenacceptable.17．Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandwere(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.
