专题十主旨大意探考情悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2019第33题,第35题第31题,第35题第27题2018第27题,第31题第28题,第35题第27题,第35题2017第31题第28题,第31题第28题,第35题2016第35题第32题第35题2015——第28题——考点内容主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论,从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题。分析解读1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文,从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨。篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问,而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,所以在阅读理解试题中难度相对较大。课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案。考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。【五年高考】A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedki...