专题11动名词和分词在短文填空中应用【理论回顾】一、动名词的语法功能动名词是一种_________________“形式,其结构为动词原形+ing”。动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语状语等。1.动名词作主语动名词是由_____________变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如:ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.Cheatingonanexamruinsone'scharacter.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。如:Myjobislookingafterthechildren.=Lookingafterthechildrenismyjob.3.动名词作宾语能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、giveup等。另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer等。如:Ienjoyworkingwithyou.4.动名词作状语动名词(短语)可以和about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如:Theybrokeinloudcheersonhearingthenews.Sheleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.二、分词的语法功能分词可分为_________________和_________________两种。现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加ed。分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用,作定语、状语或表语。1.分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况,一种是_________________做表语,一种是_________________做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest“”“”“等现在分词含义是令人激动的、令人高兴的,过去分词则是感到激”“”“……”动的和感到高兴的。所以,凡表示令人的都是_______________“,凡是表示感到……”都用_____________。例如:Thepresentsituationisterrifying.2.分词作定语现在分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的_________________,并且通常可转换成一个___________。单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前,但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后:Thereisagentlemanaskingtoseeyou.3.分词作状语现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是_________________。例如:Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是_________________。例如:Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.【想一想】如果在给出提示动词的情况下,已经确定要填非谓语动词形式,那么怎么确定具体形式呢?【练一练】A篇TheMinistryofEducationonTuesdayreleasedsomeinformationaboutChinesestudentswhowentabroadforstudyin2006.1informationshowsthatin2006,some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of2wereself-funded(自筹资金)students,accountingfor90%ofthetotal.3(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents4camebacktoChinaafterstudy.In2006,over40,000overseasstudentscameback,with33,000ofthembeingself-fundstudents,20%5thantheyearbefore.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,6issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat7(encourage)studentstostudyabroadandcomebackwhenevertheywant.Inspiredbythispolicy,thenumberofstudentsgoingabroadforstudykeepsrising.Statisticsshowthat8Chinacarriedouttheopening-uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy.Manyofthemhav...