考点08构词法高考频度：★★★★★构词法一派生法1.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加－lyextreme→extremely尤其，非常stupid→stupidly傻地改y为－ilyhappy→happily快乐地merry→merrily快乐地去e加－lytrue真的→truly真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺－cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→accuracy准确性－domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；强项wide→width宽－y－ty－itydisable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任3.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词1－alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来－anceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目－enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→reference参考；查阅－ionconstruct→construction建设evaluate→evaluation评估－ationconsider→consideration考虑imagine→imagination想象力－(s)siondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论admit→admission接纳；准许入学－inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始－mentargue→argument辩论；论据equip→equipment设备－urefail→failure失败；没做到press→pressure压力－turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发－yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势4.表示＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：后缀例词－ervillage→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人2－arlie→liar说谎者－eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→interviewee被面试者－orinvent→inventor发明家educate→educator教育家；教师－esssteward→stewardess女乘务员host→hostess女主人；女主持人－eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人－anAmerica→American美国人Australia→Australian澳洲人－ianhistory→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；政客－istspecial→specialist专家tour→tourist旅行者；观光者－antparticipate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；图书管理员5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词－ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的－alperson→personal个人的；私人的nature→natural自然的；天生的－fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的－edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→bored感到厌倦的－ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的－ibleaccess→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的3horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的－iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→instructive有教育意义的－ousanxiety→anxious忧虑的curiosity→curious好奇的－sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的－ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的－erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的－ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的－icscience→scientific科学的history→historic历史上著名的－aryimagine→imaginary想象中的6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词dis－advantage→disadvantage缺点comfort→discomfort不舒适il－legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的im－patient→impatient不耐烦的moral→immoral不道德的in－formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的ir－regular→irregular不规则的responsible→irresponsible不负责任的mis－lead→mislead误导understand→misunderstand误解un－willing→unwilling不愿意的4happy→unhappy不高兴的后缀例词－lesshope→hopeless绝望的care→careless粗心的7.变动词的前缀...
