6非谓语动词一．动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形(这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义)否定：not+(to+)动词原形2.动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.二ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为：lt+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.二Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?一Helikestoplaybasketball.只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.todo作主语常用it作形式主语例:TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.TItisuseful(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.2.—些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：wouldlike,like(想要)，want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例：Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?3•在find,think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。例:IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.4•常见的一些不带to的动词不定式作宾语Whynotdo,whydon'tyoudo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldraterdo…，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…例：Iwouldratherstayintheroom.5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。一感(fell)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let/make/let)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五帮助(help)，但变为被动语态是必须加上to.例：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。二．动名词1.动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing2.动名词的句法功能6功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数形式宾动词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作语介词宾语Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成做主语定语Sheisinthereadingroom.只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)三．分词1.构成：动词+-ing动词+-ed2.分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语表语Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态(也就是我们常说的人用-ed，物用一ing.)补足语Don'tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He'llhavehishaircutafterschool.现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)四．易混清单1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodosth.停下来去做stopdoingsth.停止做remembertodosth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）.rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）6{forgettodosth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）Forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）trytodosth.努力去做某事Trydoingsth.试着去做某事goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另一件事goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事{allo...
