急性呼吸道感染1VIP免费

急性呼吸道感染急性呼吸道感染简简介介◆分类分类◆发生率发生率◆死亡率死亡率解剖学特征解剖学特征鼻腔鼻腔短短,,狭窄狭窄粘膜丰富、柔软粘膜丰富、柔软血管丰富血管丰富鼻腔堵塞鼻腔堵塞鼻窦炎鼻窦炎sinusitissinusitis咽鼓管咽鼓管Eustachiantube:Eustachiantube:broad,short,horizontal中耳炎中耳炎otitismediaotitismediaAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters咽咽pharynx:pharynx:扁桃体扁桃体tonsilismaturewhen4-10yearstonsilismaturewhen4-10yearsoldoldtonsillitisisfewininfantstonsillitisisfewininfantsAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters喉喉larynxlarynx::narrow,softandtendernarrow,softandtenderrichinbloodvesselrichinbloodvesselObstructionoflarynxObstructionoflarynxAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterstracheaandbronchitracheaandbronchinarrownarrowtenderandsofttenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslerichinbloodvesslerightbronchi:shortrightbronchi:shortthickthick异物容易吸入异物容易吸入AnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterslunglung::alveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslealveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslemediastinamediastina::较大较大,,组织稀疏组织稀疏（纵隔）（纵隔）胸廓胸廓::shortshort桶状胸桶状胸肋骨肋骨horizonalhorizonal横膈横膈horizonalhorizonal++mediastinadisplacemenmediastinadisplacemen缺氧缺氧Co2Co2潴留潴留发绀发绀PhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharactersrespiratoryraterespiratoryrate::theyounger,thefastertheyounger,thefaster0510152025303540新生儿<1岁1-3岁4-7岁8-14岁PhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharacters呼吸方式呼吸方式::abdominalbreathingabdominalbreathinginfantinfantthoracicbreathingchildrenthoracicbreathingchildrenbreathingreserveisweakbreathingreserveisweakAcuteupperrespiratoryinfection(AURI)mostcommondiseaseinchildrenacutenasopharyngitisacutepharyngitisacutetonsillitisAURIAURIvirusbacteriusmycoplasmaPathogensofAURIPathogensofAURIClassificationClassification●commonupperrespiratoryinfectioncommonupperrespiratoryinfection●twospecifictypes:twospecifictypes:herpanginaherpangina疱疹性咽峡炎疱疹性咽峡炎pharyngo-conjunctivalfeverpharyngo-conjunctivalfever咽结合膜咽结合膜热热ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationCommonAURICommonAURI▲咽喉疼痛咽喉疼痛▲鼻塞鼻塞▲流涕流涕▲发热发热▲咳嗽咳嗽▲打喷嚏打喷嚏ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestation疱疹性咽峡炎疱疹性咽峡炎coxsackieAviruscoxsackieAvirushyperpyrexiahyperpyrexia高热高热pharyngealpainpharyngealpain咽痛咽痛vomittingvomitting呕吐呕吐PharyngopalatinearchPharyngopalatinearch咽腭弓咽腭弓herpescionherpescion悬雍垂悬雍垂softpalatesoftpalate软腭软腭ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationpharyngo-conjunctivalfeverpharyngo-conjunctivalfever▲Adenoviruses3,7Adenoviruses3,7▲feverfeverpharyngitis咽炎conjunctivitisconjunctivitis结膜炎结膜炎ComplicationComplication并发症并发症★otitismediaotitismedia★sinusitissinusitis★laryngitislaryngitis★BronchitisBronchitis★pneumoniapneumoniadifferentialdiagnosisdifferentialdiagnosis◇流感流感◇传染性疾病传染性疾病◇appendicitisappendicitis阑尾炎阑尾炎TreatmentTreatment◆restrest◆antiviraltreatmentantiviraltreatment利巴韦林利巴韦林10mg/kg/d10mg/kg/d◆symptomatictreatmentsymptomatictreatment退热退热::对乙酰氨基酚对乙酰氨基酚鼻减充血剂鼻减充血剂止咳药止咳药肺肺炎炎pneumoniapneumonia肺炎的定义肺炎的定义不同不同病原体病原体或或其他因素其他因素所致肺部炎症所致肺部炎症概述概述◆发病率、死亡率发病率、死亡率◆共同临床特征：共同临床特征：发热、咳嗽、气促发...