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ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyOpacityandDustMonitorOpacityandDustMonitorTheoryofOperationTheoryofOperationClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDustandOpacityDustandOpacity•Dust–Quantitativemeasurementofsolidparticleconcentrationinmg/m3•Opacity–Thefractionoflightlostintraversingthestack粉尘和不透明度粉尘-量化的固体颗粒浓度以毫克/立方米为单位的测量不透明度-通过烟道光强的损失ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyRingelmannRingelmannscalescale•Over100yearsold•Reliesontrainedobserver•SomeregulationsstilltraceabletoRingelmannRingelmann0-0%opacity(clear)Ringelmann1-20%opacityRingelmann2-40%opacityRingelmann3-60%opacityRingelmann4-80%opacityRingelmann5-100%opacity(black)林格曼表规范围有100年的历史依赖于有经验的观测员一些规则仍然有效ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDefinitions:TransmittanceDefinitions:TransmittanceTransmittanceτ=I/I0I=receivedlightintensityI0=transmittedlightintensityIoI定义：透射接收到的光强传输的光强ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDefinitions:OpacityDefinitions:OpacityOpacityisthefractionoflightlostinpassingthroughamedium•Opacity=1-Transmittance•ClearPath–Opacity=0%–Transmittance=100%•Beamtotallyobscured–Opacity=100%–Transmittance=0%定义：不透明度部分通过烟道光强的损失不透明度=1-透射率干净的路径不透明度=0%透射率=100%光路完全不透光不透明度=100%透射率=0%ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDefinitions:OPLRDefinitions:OPLR•FortraceabilitytoRingelmann,USEPArequiresopacitytobereportedatthestackexit•OpticalPathlengthRatio(OPLR)istheratioofmeasurementpathlengthtothestackexitpathlength•OPLR=Stackexitdiameter2xmeasurementpathlength•RelatedquantityPathLengthCorrectionFactor•PLCF=2xOPLR•OPLRappliesonlytoopacitymeasurement定义：光路长度比为了跟踪林格曼表规，USEPA要求给出烟道出口的不透明度光路长度比是测量路径的长度和烟道出口路径长度的比值烟道出口的直径2倍的测量路径ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDefinitions:OPLRDefinitions:OPLRImportanttodistinguish•Installationpathlength•MeasurementpathlengthMeasurementMeasurementInstallationInstallation定义：光路长度比重要的区别安装的光路测量的光路测量安装ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyOPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)OPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)ParallelstackParallelstackOPLR=0.5OPLR=0.5光路长度比平行烟道ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyOPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)OPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)TaperedstackTaperedstackOPLR<0.5OPLR<0.5光路长度比锥型烟道ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyOPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)OPLR(OpticalPathLengthRatio)InstrumentmountedonInstrumentmountedonnarrowductleadingtonarrowductleadingtomainstackmainstackOPLR>0.5OPLR>0.5光路长度比仪器安装在狭窄的通向主烟道的管道上ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDustandOpticalDensityDustandOpticalDensity•TransmittanceisrelatedtodustconcentrationbytheBeerLambertlawτ=e-kclτ=transmittancek=constantdependingonsize&natureofparticlesl=pathlengthc=dustconcentration粉尘和光密度透射率与粉尘浓度之间的关系符合比尔定律ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCompanyDustandOpticalDensityDustandOpticalDensityOD=-log10τ=kcl/2.303c=2.303OD/kl=constxODThisconstantistheDustGain粉尘和光密度ClearVision•SoundStrategies•SolidPerformanceAnCo...