山东省东营市河口区实验学校九年级英语《虚拟语气》教案人教新目标版英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：Heishonest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）Don‘tbelatenexttime.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）IfIwereyou，Iwouldnotgo.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）IwishIhadalotofmoney.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）第一类虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生。如：IfIhavetime，Iwillgo.（陈述语气）IfIwereyou，Iwouldgo.（虚拟语气）时态类型主句谓语形式条件句的谓语形式例句与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+V原动词过去式did*be多用were1.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.2.IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.与过去事实相反would/should/could/might+havedone动词过去完成式haddone1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedinthetest.2.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.与将来事实相反would/should/could/might+V原①动词过去式②should+V原③were+todo1.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.①2.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.③注：特别说明1、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.2、if省略句在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但不能说：Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：Ifitweren’tfor…和Ifithadn’tbeenfor…，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。如：Ifitweren’tforwater,noplantcouldgrow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。Ifithadn’tbeenforyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.=Butforyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.=Withoutyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.第二类使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：1.*wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome.(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome.(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)2.ifonly用于表示与事实相反的愿望。*ifonly通常独立使用，没有主句。IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!Ifonlyshewouldgowithme!3.wouldrather+从句句子用虚拟语气。只分现在和过去在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么"，具体用法为：①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望I’dratheryouwenttomorrow(now).②用过去完成时表过去的愿望I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.4.asif(though)+从句句子用虚拟语气以asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，例：TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.Hetalksasifhehadbeenabroad.注：两点说明(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事...
