实用文档上海中学高三周考II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA10%Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Thereseemsnever21(be)acivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboys22(play)withsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithothers.Insocieties23socialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirls24(prepare),eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.25isremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostly26craftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversality(普遍性)oftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresent27isamazing.InEgypt,America,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)people,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflife28toysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.实用文档Becausetoys29begenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltothecarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofwaysup.Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3,000BCto30usedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness(独创性).Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe实用文档usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.unwillingB.aggressionC.necessarilyD.feltE.tensionF.areaG.surprisedH.clearI.rangeJ.helpfulK.relativelyAnaddiction（瘾）isanactivityorsubstanceweareeagertoexperiencerepeatedlyandforwhichwearewillingifnecessarytopayaprice.Commonaddictionsinvolvealcoholcigarettesfooddrugsgamblingetc.Thisarticlediscussestheconceptswhichcanbe31incopingwithaddictivebehavior.32minoraddictionssuchaswatchingtoomuchtelevisionorlyinginbedonweekendmorningsareoftennotevenconsideredaddictionsbecausethepricepaidforengaginginthemisnothigh.Ontheotherhandwetendtousetheterm“addict”todescribethepersonwhoatleastintheeyesofotherscontinuestobeaddictedinabehaviorlongafterithasbecome33thatthesubstantialpricebeingpaidwasnotworththebenefit.Theindividualwhohaslostcareerhousefamilyandfriendsbecauseofcocaine(可卡因)usebutis34toconsiderstoppingisanunfortunateexample.Negativeaddictionsrangefromthosewithveryminornegativeconsequencestothoseasseriousasthecocaineaddictjustmentionedwithmuch35inbetween.Althoughitisnot36truethatanegativeaddictiongrowsstrongerovertimeyetaconstantlevelofaddictivebehavior(e.g.overspending$200aweek)canleadtoanincreasinglevelofnegativeconsequences.Youmaybe37tolearnthataddictionscanalsobeconsideredpositive.Positiveaddictionsarethoseinwhichthebenefitsoutweightheprice.Acommonexamplewouldbethehabitofregularexercise.Thepriceofmembershipinagymthetimeinvolvedandanyclothingexpenseisoutweighedbythebenefitsofbetterhealthenergyself-confidenceandappearance.Aswithnegativeaddictionspositiveaddictionsmaynotget实用文档strongerovertimeandthere...
