生态学报2010,30(17):4549—4558ActaEcologicaSinicahttp://www.ecologica.cn基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30670049)收稿日期:2009210225;修订日期:20102042203通讯作者Correspondingauthor.E2mail:junwusuo@126.com长白山阔叶红松林大型真菌多样性图力古尔1,3,陈今朝2,王耀1,范宇光1(1.吉林农业大学菌物研究所,长春130118;2.长江师范学院生命科学系,涪陵408100)摘要:采用取样调查方法获得长白山阔叶红松混交林蒙古栎+红松+云杉群落、红松+色木槭+蒙古栎群落、红松+假色槭+糠椴群落、红松+花楷槭+紫椴群落、长白松+红松+山槐群落中的大型真菌物种组成和群落结构的基本数据,分析不同植物群落中大型真菌的丰富度指数R1、R2、多样性指数N1、N2和H′、均匀度指数E。大型真菌标本鉴定采用形态学分类方法,凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。多样性研究结果:(1)共采集鉴定大型真菌238种,隶属于90属44科,其中外生菌根菌100种;腐生菌135种;其他3种。(2)在不同的植物群落中大型真菌丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数有所差异,其中蒙古栎+红松+云杉群落中的丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,而红松+色木槭+蒙古栎群落中的均匀度最大;(3)大型真菌子实体的发生在1a中出现2次高峰,即7月中下旬和9月上旬,第1次高峰期的优势类群为腐生菌,外生菌根菌较少;第2次高峰期优势类群则以外生菌根菌为主,腐生菌相对较少。关键词:物种多样性;群落多样性;季节相关性Macrofungaldiversityinbroad2leavedKoreanpineforestintheChangbaishanNationalNatureReserveBAUTolgor1,3,CHENJinzhao2,WANGYao1,FANYuguang11InstituteofMycologyofJilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118,China2DepartmentofLifeScience,YangtzeNormalUniversity,Fuling408100,ChinaAbstract:Macrofungaldiversityinbroad2leavedKoreanpineforestwasinvestigatedinChangbaishanNationalNatureReserve.SamplingsurveymethodwasadoptedtoobtainthebasicdataofspeciescompositionandcommunitystructureindifferentplantcommunitieswithPinuskoraiensis.Theintervaloftworeleasedcollectionsurveysisaboutfifteendays.Fiveplantcommunitiesweredividedaccordingtoreferencesandthecompositionsofplantspecies.Theyare:Ass.Quercusmongolicus+Pinuskoraiensis+Piceajezoensisvar.komarovii,Ass.Pinuskoraiensis+Acermono+Quercusmongolicus,Ass.Pinuskoraiensis+Acerpseudo2sieboldianum+Tiliamandshurica,Ass.Pinuskoraiensis+Acerukurunduensis+TiliaamurensisandAss.Pinussylvestriformis+Pinuskoraiensis+Albiziakalkora.ThefungalspecimenswereidentifiedwithmorphologicaltaxonomicmethodsanddepositedintheHerbariumofMycologyofJilinAgriculturalUniversity(HMJAU).Inordertoassessthemacrofungaldiversitiesinthedifferentcommunitiesandcomparetheirdifferences,indexofspeciesrichness(R1,R2),speciesdiversity(N1,N2,H′)andspeciesevenness(E)wereusedtoanalyzeallthecollecteddata.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)238speciesofmacrofungibelongingto90generaof44familieswereidentified;amongthem,100specieswereectomycorrhizal,135weresaprophytic,and3belongedtoothertypes.(2)Theendemicspeciesofeachplantcommunityoccupiedfrom38.03%to49.41%individually,andthecommonspeciesoccurringinalltheplantcommunitiesshares5.81%27.04%;sucharesultindicatesthatthehabitatheterogeneityexistinginbroad2leavedKoreanpineforestofChangbaishanNationalNatureReservecontributesalottothespatialdistributionofmacrofungithere.Thespeciesrichnessindex(R1,R2),speciesdiversityindex(N1,N2andH′)andevennessindex(E)aredifferentfromeachotheramongtheplantcommunities.TheAss.Quercusmongolicus+Pinuskoraiensis+Piceajezoensisvar.komaroviihasthehttp://www.ecologica.cnhighestspeciesrichnessindexandspeciesdiversityindex;whiletheAss.Pinuskoraiensis+Acermono+Quercusmongolicusgainedthehighestevennessindex...
