新生儿的病死率及致畸率无差异。在妊娠期间,使用皮质激素、免疫球蛋白及硫唑呤是相对安全的药物治疗方法;而产后预防复发的治疗正在探索中。孕期及围生期的保健应由神经科、产科、小儿科及社区医师共同参与。性激素相关的替代疗法是一种有希望治疗MS的新方法。参考文献[1]EsparzaML,SasakiS,KestelootH.Nutrition,latitude,andmultiplesclerosismortality:anecologicstudy[J].AmJEpidemiol,1995,142(7):733-737.[2]VukusicS,ConfavreuxC.Pregnancyandmultiplesclerosis:thechil-drenofPRIMS[J].ClinNeurolNeurosurg,2006,108(3):266-270.[3]ConfavreuxC,HutchinsonM,HoursMM,etal.Rateofpregnancy-relatedrelapseinmultiplesclerosis[J].NEnglJMed,1998,339(5):285-291.[4]FinkelsztejnA,FragosoYD,FerreiraML,etal.TheBraziliandata-baseonpregnancyinmultiplesclerosis[J].ClinNeurolNeuro-surg,2011,113(4):277-280.[5]FernándezLiguoriN,KlajnD,AcionL,etal.Epidemiologicalcharacteristicsofpregnancy,delivery,andbirthoutcomeinwomenwithmultiplesclerosisinArgentina(EMEMARstudy)[J].MultScler,2009,15(5):555-562.[6]RoulletE,Verdier-TailleferMH,AmarencoP,etal.Pregnancyandmultiplesclerosis:alongitudinalstudyof125remittentpatients[J].JNeurolNeurosurgPsychiatry,1993,56(10):1062-1065.[7]RunmarkerB,AndersonO.Pregancyisassociatedwithalowerriskofonsetandabetterprognosisinmultiplesclerosis[J].Brain,1995,118(1):253-261.[8]Szekeres-BarthoJ,WegmannT.Aprogesterone-dependentimmu-nomodulatoryproteinalterstheTh1/Th2balance[J].JReprodIm-munol,1996,31(1/2):81-95.[9]FerreroS,PrettaS,RagniN.Multiplesclerosis:managementissuesduringpregnancy[J].EurJObstetGynecolReprodBiol,2004,115(1):3-9.[10]DahlJ,MyhrKM,DaltveitAK,etal.Pregnancy,deliveryandbirthoutcomeindifferentstagesofmaternalmultiplesclerosis[J].JNeurol,2008,255(5):623-627.[11]ChenYH,LinHL,LinHC.Doesmultiplesclerosisincreaseriskofadversepregnancyoutcomes?Apopulation-basedstudy[J].MultScler,2009,15(5):606-612.[12]Langer-GouldA,HuangSM,GuptaR,etal.Exclusivebreastfeed-ingandtheriskofpostpartumrelapsesinwomenwithmultiplesclerosis[J].ArchNeurol,2009,66(8):958-963.[13]Sandberg-WollheimM,FrankD,GoodwinTM,etal.Pregnancyoutcomesduringtreatmentwithinterferonbeta-1ainpatientswithmultiplesclerosis[J].Neurology,2005,65(6):802-806.[14]DeLasHerasV,DeAndrésC,TéllezN,etal.Pregnancyinmulti-plesclerosispatientstreatedwithimmunomodulatorspriortoorduringpartofthepregnancy:adescriptivestudyintheSpanishpopulation[J].MultScler,2007,13(8):981-984.[15]AchironA,RotsteinZ,NoyS,etal.Intravenousimmunoglobulintreatmentinthepreventionofchildbirth-associatedacuteexacerba-tionsinmultiplesclerosis[J].JNeurol,1996,243(1):25-28.[16]AchironA,KishnerI,DolevM,etal.Effectofintravenousimmuno-globulintreatmentonpregnancyandpost-partumrelatedrelapsesinmultiplesclerosis[J].JNeurol,2004,251(9):1133-1137.[17]DeSezeJ,ChapelotteM,DelalandeS,etal.Intravenouscorticoste-roidsinthepostpartumperiodforreductionofacuteexacerbationsinmultiplesclerosis[J].MultScler,2004,10(5):596-597.[18]VukusicS,IonescuI,El-EtrM,etal.Thepreventionofpost-par-tumrelapseswithprogestinandestradiolinmultiplesclerosis(POPART′MUS)trial:rationale,objectivesandstateofadvance-ment[J].JNeurolSci,2009,286(1/2):114-118.[19]SoldanSS,AlvarezRetuertoAI,SicotteNL,etal.Immunemodula-tioninmultiplesclerosispatientstreatedwiththepregnancyhor-moneestriol[J].JImmunol,2003,171(11):6267-6274.[20]SicotteNL,LivaSM,KlutchR,etal.Treatmentofmultiplesclero-siswiththepregnancyhormoneestriol[J].AnnNeurol,2002,52(4...
