动力集中与动力分散动车组特点比较（伊朗项目材料）ComparisonbetweenEMUswithCentralizedandDistributedPower目前，高速动车组按牵引动力和驱动设备的配置方型分类有两种：动力分散型和动力集中型。Atpresent,thehigh-speedEMUscanbedividedasperpowerconfigurationintotwocategories-power-distributedEMUandpower-centralizedEMU.动力集中型动车组是将大部分机械和电气设备集中安装在位于列车两端的动力车即机车上，机车的动力转向架上装有牵引电机，驱动轮对牵引列车运行。中间客车没有动力，由机车牵引。机车不载客，客车载客。编组一般为机车+拖车形型，示意图如下：Asforpower-centralizedEMU,mostofitsmechanicalandelectricalequipmentaremountedinthemotorcars,i.e.locomotives,atthetwoends,andthebogiesofthelocomotivesareequippedwithtractionmotorswhichdrivethetrainfromwheelsets.Theintermediatecarsarenotmotored,buthauledbylocomotives.Thelocomotivesdonotcarryanypassengersbuttheintermediatecarsdo.ThecompositionofsuchEMUgenerallyadoptsthemodeoflocomotive+trailer,asshownbelow:机车拖车1拖车2拖车3拖车4拖车5Loco.Trailer1Trailer2Trailer3Trailer4Trailer5注：表示动力轴，表示非动力轴，下同。Note:standsformotoraxleandfortraileraxle,samebelow.动力分散型动车组是指将大部分机械和电气设备吊挂安装在车辆地板下面，牵引电机安装在列车的全部或部分转向架上，使全部或部分轮对成为列车的驱动源，列车的全部车厢都可载客。Asforpower-distributedEMU,mostofitsmechanicalandelectricalequipmentaremountedbelowthedeckandthetractionmotorsmountedonallorpartsofthebogiesmakingallorpartofthewheelsetsthedrivingsource,andallthecarsareabletocarrypassengers.全部为动力车Allmotorcars部分为动力车Partlymotorcars动力集中和动力分散动车组特点比较ComparisonbetweenFeaturesofEMUswithCentralizedandDistributedPower序号内容动力分散动车组动力集中动车组S/NContentsPower-DistributedEMUPower-CentralizedEMU1编组Composition通常为固定编组，不可随意增减车辆数量，但可以采取2列联挂方型，动车与拖车同步增加或减少，不会造成过载或欠载。Compositionusuallyfixedandincreaseordecreaseofcarsnotpermissible,yetpairoperationfunctionavailable,whichmaintainstheportionbetweenmotorandtrailercarsandthusavoidunderloadoroverload.可任意加减拖车的数量，编组灵活。加减车厢后牵引力不变（因为动车数量不变），但阻力变化，易造成过载从而达不到原定速度，或欠载造成功率浪费。Flexiblecomposition,increaseordecreaseofcarsnotpermissible.Tractionforcenotchangedafterincreaseordecreaseofcars(numberofmotorcarsunchanged)yettheresistancedoes,whicheasilyleadstounsatisfiedspeedduetooverloadorpowerwasteduetounderload.2动力配置Powerconfiguration列车的牵引动力可以分散设置，按需要增减动轴，使列车总功率不受机车功率所限制。Tractionpowersourcecanbedistributedandincreaseordecreaseofmotoraxlesasperdemandspossible,i.e.totalpowerofEMUnotrestrainedbythatoflocomotives.总功率受机车功率限制Totalpoweroftrainrestrainedbythatoflocomotives3换向行驶Bidirectionaloperation在两端都有驾驶室，可双向行驶，省却调车的时间，同时减少车务人员的工作及提高安全。Cabavailableatbothendsandbidirectionaloperationcanberealized,whichreducestimeforshunting,releasingworkingloadandimprovingsafetyofservicepersonnel.列车换向时需先把机车在一端脱钩后再移到另一端挂钩，折返时间长。Locomotiveneedstobedecoupledfromoneendandcoupledtoanotherendforbidirectionaloperation,whichtakesalongertimeforlocomotivetoreverse.4轴重Axleload最大轴重轻，对轨道冲击小。高速情况下最大轴重对轨道的破坏作用远远大于平均轴重，这也是为什么越是高速的列车越趋向于使用分散技术的原因Lowermax.axleloadandthuslessimpa...
