Research&DevelopmentFoodAllergens食品过敏源PedroPanisello佩德罗帕尼西罗&NiaOwen尼娅欧文HACCPTrainingHACCP培训2Contents内容•Definitions定义•Principalsoffoodallergy食品过敏症的原则•Foodallergens食品过敏源•Allergenmanagementprogramme过敏源管理计划•Summary总结3Foodallergyversusfoodintolerance食品过敏源与食品不耐性•Foodallergy:theimmune-mediatedstateofhypersensitivityresultingfromexposuretoafood-borneallergen(usuallyaproteinorglycoprotein).Normallydevelopingseriousreactionsandevencausingdeaths.•食品过敏症：高度敏感性的免疫调节状态，系由接触食品携带的过敏源（一般为蛋白质或糖原蛋白）而产生。通常发展为系列反应，甚至导致死亡。•Foodintolerance:arenon-toxic,nonimmune-relatedmainlyduetonaturallyoccurringtoxicants(e.g.gluten),microbialorchemicalfoodcontaminants(e.g.phenylanaline)andinheritedmetabolicdisorders(e.g.lactoseintolerance).Rarelylife-threatening.食品不耐性：非毒性的、与免疫无关，主要由于自然生成的毒性物质（例如面筋），微生物或化学性食品污染（如苯胺）以及遗传新陈代谢失调（如乳糖不耐）。很少危及生命。4Principalsoffoodallergy：Prevalence食品过敏症的原则:流行•Thetrueprevalenceisunknown.真正流行不为人知。•Itisestimatedthat1%ofadultsand5-6%ofchildrenhaveatruefoodallergy.据估算，1%成人、5-6%儿童有真正的食品过敏症。•Approximately950severereactionstofoodsrequiringhospitalisationoccurannuallyintheUS.(AccordingtotheUSDA15%oftheUSpopulationmaybeallergictosomefoodingredients).美国每年发生大约950例对食品严重的反应,需要住院治疗。(根据USDA调查,15%的美国人口对一些食品原料过敏)•IntheUKitisestimatedthatthereareatotalof15millionsufferersfromallergiestovarioussubstances-notonlyfoodstuffs-(1in4ofthepopulation).英国估计有总数达1500万人对各种物质-不只是食品-过敏(人口总数的四分之一)。•Allergicindividualsreacttotracelevelsoftheoffendingallergen.过敏群体对所引发过敏源痕迹有反应。5Consumercomplaints消费者投诉(KFIdatabase2000数据库2000)Totalnumberofcomplaintsforconfectionery:5.996对糖果投诉总数为：5.996Totalnumberofcomplaintsforfood:11.077对食品投诉总数为:11.077Responsibility职责:Manufacturing制造Marketing市场营销Complainttype投诉类型:Illnessanaphylaxis过敏性疾病Wronglabel标签错误Wrongpackaging包装错误Mislabelallergens错标出过敏源%vstotalcomplaints占投诉总数比例Confectionery糖果52611521.5%Food食品451720.3%Total总计:93113246Keyplayersofallergenicresponse过敏源反应的关键因素Threeessentialcomponents三个关键部分:Antigen抗原(allergen过敏源)IgEAntibodies抗体Effectorcell效应基因细胞(mastcellorbasophil杆细胞或碱性细胞)IgEareproducedbyBcells(Lymphocytes)inresponsetoexposuretotheantigen.B细胞(淋巴细胞）遇到抗体时产生IgEGlycoproteinsthatareabsorbedduringdigestionanddistributedtothebodyviathebloodstream在消化时吸收的糖原蛋白质通过血流分送到全身Mastcellsarefoundintheconnectivetissue杆细胞发现于结缔组织Basophilscirculateinthebloodstream碱性细胞在血流中循环Bothhavehigh-affinityIgEreceptorsonthesurface它们都与表面的IgE受体有密切关系7Clinicalmanifestations临床表现•Gastro-intestinal胃肠反应:Swellingofmouthparts,abdominalcramps,diarrhoea,nausea,vomiting.嘴部肿胀、腹部痉挛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐。•Respiratory呼吸反应:runnynose,difficultybreathing,constrictionofthroat.鼻子流涕、呼吸困难、喉咙堵塞。•Cutaneous皮肤反应:swelling,hivesandskinrash.肿胀、荨麻疹、皮疹。•Systemic=Anaphylacticshock.全身=过敏中风。Deathoccursduetocardiaorespiratoryarrestandshock.Initialsymptomsusuallybeginwithin30minafterexposure.由于心...
