V-ing的各种形式：（以动词do为例）时态语态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not/neverdoing在时间上表示一个正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生或存在的动作和状态一般式：完成式：在时间上表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作或状态1.Hedenied________anythingaboutit.(know)knowingPresentactivetense2.Theproblem,____________________foryears,hasbeensolved.(discuss)_____________________________havingbeendiscussed3.Hewassoluckythatheescaped_________(hurt)beinghurtpresentpassivetense__________________foralongtime,thecomputerneedsrepairing.(use)4.Havingbeenusedpresentactiveperfecttensepresentpassiveperfecttense1.Becausewedon’tknowheraddress,wecan’tgetintouchwith.()Notknowing2.Becausehehadn’treceivedananswer,hewroteagain.()Nothavingreceived3.没完成这个项目，他们必须在这那儿再呆两周。________________programme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(complete）Nothavingcompleted4.BecauseIhaveneverbeentoShanghai,Ididn’tknowitsfoodculture.()Neverhavingbeento(1)Thisisaninterestingbook.()Attributive(2)Thewomansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher.()attributive(3)Seeingthebird,thebearsuddenlystoodup.()adverbial(4)Isawthemanwalkingonthestreetyesterday.()objectcomplement(5)Playingfootballishisfavoritesport.()subject(6)Ididn’tstopworkinglastnight.()(7)MyworkisteachingEnglish.()objectpredicativeV-ing是动词非谓语形式中的一种,单独使用时,能在句中做除__________之外的任何其他句子成分。如:subject、object、predicative、attributive、adverbial、objectcomplement。predicateV-ing作状语1.Whentheyheardthenews,theygotexcited.HearingHearingthenews,thenews,theytheygotexcited.gotexcited.(time)(time)Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,…主从句主语相同AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.hadbeentoldmanytimes,I…Havingreceivedhisletter,…Havingbeentoldmanytimes,…2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.（reason）Havingvisitedthecitymanytimes,…Becausehehadvisitedthecitymanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Becausewedidn’tknowhisaddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Notknowinghisaddress,…3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.(condition)Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Playingallday,…4.Althoughheworkedfrommorningtillnight,hestilldidn’tgetenoughfood.Workingfrommorningtillnight,hestilldidn’tgetenoughfood.(concession)Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theystillkeptrunning.Feelingverytired,…5.Helayonthegrass,andstaredattheskyforalongtime.Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.(accompanying)Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.(accompanying)Laughingandtalking,…*现在分词短语作伴随或方式状语相当于一个并列结构。*不可改成相应状语从句6.Heturnedoffthelightsothathecouldseenothing.(resultadverbial)Heturnedoffthelight,therefore/thusseeingnothing.Hisfatherdiedandlefthimalotofmoney.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.表示结果，有时相当于一个并列谓语。注意：V-ing形式作结果状语，多半放在句子的后半部分。从上面的句子转换中可以得出一个小结：一回头：找该非谓语的逻辑主语；两确定：确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后；确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓关系；1.Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.2.Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfeltexcited.V-ingdoinghavingdone表动作有先有后表动作同时发生1.___________...
