实用标准文档一、早期和中世纪的英国文学GeoffreyChaucerii1.简介:GeoffreyChauceristhefounderofEnglishpoetryandaforerunnerofhumanism.HewasregardedasthefounderofEnglishrealism.代表作:TroilusandCriseyde《特洛伊斯洛与克瑞西达》(改变于意大利);TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》(包括:“ThePrologue”《总序》;“TheWifeofBath”《巴斯妇人》)。TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》的影响:①Itshowsatrue-to-lifepictureofChaucer’stime.(之所以说乔叟是Thefounderofrealism,是因为早期英国文学歌颂英雄(Anglo-Saxonpoetry),中期英国文学歌颂骑士精神(TheRomance),之后虽然有了pierstheplowman,也不曾直接写社会不公,直到乔叟真实描写中世纪及各层人民。)②Takingfromthestandofrisingbourgeoisie,ChauceraffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbytheChurch.③Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime,attackdegenerationofthenoble,thecorruptionoftheChurch.2.语言特色/贡献:①HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.②HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytheHeroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry.③Heisgoodattheterzarima,whichmakeshislanguageahighstyle.二、英国文艺复兴ThomasMoreii1.简介:ThomasMoreisanEnglishhumanismchurchman.代表作:Utopia《乌托邦》。2.评价:①Moredaredtofightagainstthefeudalismrulerandhewasahumanist.②But,hewasnorevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanyrevolutionarymovement.③Thesystemofbondsmensuggestedtosolvetheproblemofsocialproductivitystillremainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation.④Hecouldneverfindthemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.FrancisBacon1.简介:HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy,thefirstEnglishessayistandthefounderofEnglishModernScience.Heistheonewhointroducedessay,theliteraryform,toEngland.代表作:AdvancementofLearning《学问的演进》;NewInstrument《新工具》;TheEssays《随笔》(58篇)“OfStudies”《论学习》;“OfBeauty”《论美》;“OfWisdomforaMan’sSelf”《论自私》。“OfStudies”《论学习》:Itsmessageisconveyedwithsweepingeffectandoverwhelmingpower,whichlieintheunityofthemessageandtheconsistenceofforcefulargumentations.内容:Thetextfocusesononecontrollingidea——“studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.”“OfBeauty”《论美》:Unlikemanyofhiscontemporaries,Baconmakesfulluseofsomeageravocabularytoexplicatehisgreattheme:thecriterion实用标准文档ofbeauty.Hemakesaconclusionthatonlythebeautyofvirtuecan“shine”eternally,beyondtimeandspace.2.主题/技法:Bacon’sessaywritingisclassifiedintoClassicEssay.Theclassicessayisascomprehensiveinsubjectmattersandstylesasinallclassicliterature.Insubjects,theclassicessaydealswithavarietyofthemes:philosophy,literarycriticism,arts,politics,history,socialproblems,travelsandotheraspectsoflife.Instyle,Baconisweightandhighlysententious.Manyofhissentenceshavebecomewiseoldsayings.EdmundSpenser1.简介:EdmundSpenserwasrecognizedasthe“Poet’spoet”.代表作:TheShepherd’sCalendar《牧羊人日历》;Epithalamion《结婚曲》;Amoritti《爱情小唱》;TheFaerieQueene《仙后》。TheSpenserianStanza:Itreferstoanine-line-stanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:ababbcbcc.Thefirsteightlinesarewritteniniambicpentameter.Theninthlineiswritteniniambichexameterwhichiscalledanalexandrine.TheFaerieQueene《仙后》:①Alongpoemplannedin12books,ofwhichhefinishedonlysix.②ItissetinthemythicalworldofKingArthurandhisknights.③theme:Nationalism,HumanismandPuritanism.2.地位:①ThepublicationofTheShepherd’sCalendarmarkedtheb...