定语从句学案VIP免费

定语从句学案一、定语从句概说1.形容词作定语和从句作定语在英文中，很多时候我们可以用一个来修饰一个名词，但是若要表达更为复杂的意思，简单地用形容词作定语就无能为力了，我们就要借助一个，用作名词的定语，对名词进行限制。2.定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词1）先行词：2）关系词：二、关系代词的用法1.先行词指人，用关系代词who/whom2.先行词指物，用关系代词whichWearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectiveclauses..which可以指代单个名词、一个短语、前面整个句子。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thecar(which)heisdrivingismadeinJapan.3.表示人或物的所有关系，用whose。它的作用就如同物主代词my,your,her,his,their,our一样，whose后边要接名词。“whose+名词”在从句中可作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语。简单句定语从句whose可指人或物Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.4.that可以指代人，也可以指代物.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.5.在下列情况中最好用that：（重点记忆）(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时；Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时；I'vereadallthebooks(that)arenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时；Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(5)主句当中先行词既有人又有物时；Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthisarticletalkedaboutarefamous.6.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用which而不用that(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.1(2)在非限制性定语从句中Hebrokemyglasses,whichannoyedmealot.7.as的用法(1)as引导限制性定语从句：当先行词前由as,so,such,thesame修饰时，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedinthatfactory.(作主语)Youcantakeasmanyasyouneed.(作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(作表语)温馨提示thesame...that与thesame...as之辨析：thesame...that：同一个，就是那一个；thesame...as:与...同样的，但不是同一个翻译句子：ThisisthesamebookthatIIostyesterday.ThisisthesamebookasIIostyesterday.温馨提示such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that引导的状语从句之辨析:Heissuchacleverboyaseverybodylikes.(定语从句)Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(状语从句)(2)用于引导非限制性定语从句：as在句中作主语或宾语，可在主句前、中、后。意为：正如。Heisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.(as作主语，位于主句后)Sheisafamousfilmstar,asweallknow.(as作宾语，位于主句后)在非限制性定语从句中as和which的区别：①看位置。which只能位于主句之后；as既可在主句，也可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。②看含义。which"这一点"；as"正如"。三、关系副词的用法在英语中，引导定语从句的关系副词主要有when,where,why,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1.when的用法2.where的用法3.why的用法用来表原因，只引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason等表示原因的名词。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididn'tcomehere.四、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。五、定语从句用法巧记歌诀主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom,定物which当先用。关系代词有that,定人定物有本领。定时要用when,定地where行。关系代(副)词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。21.【2013北京】27.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where2.【2013福建】27.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______liveswereaffected.A.whose...