1.香囊(seentedsachet),古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromaticherbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peonyflower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。翻译：Scentedsachets,alsocalled“fragrantbags”inancienttimes,arebagsusuallysewedwithclothorweavedwithmulticolorsilkthreadsandstuffedwitharomaticherbs.Thefragrantbagswereoriginallyusedforabsorbingsweat,repellinginsectsandwardingoffevils.Scentedsachetsarenotonlyuseful,butalsoornamental.Theycomeindifferentshapesandsizes,suchasround,ovalandmanyothers.Andtheyarenormallydecoratedwithelaboratepatterns,witheachpatternsymbolizingaspecialmeaning.Forinstance,adouble-fishordouble-butterflypatternsmybolizesthelovebetweenamanandawoman;patternslikelotusorpeonyflowerssymbolizewomen;pineandcranepatternssymbolizelongevityandaguavapatternisthesymboloflotsofchildren.Anicescentedsachetisnotjustanornament,butmoreofsomethingthatcontainsculturalandhistoricalrichness.2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。翻译：ChinesefolkartandChinesephilosophyareunifiedinthebeliefthatyin-yangproducesalllivingthingsintheworld.OriginatedinChineseprimitivesociety,thiswasthephilosophicalexplanationofhuman'sperceptionoflife.Chineseancestorsphilosophicalconclusionwasto“lookatoneselfupcloseandothercreaturesfromafar”，whichisessentialtotheunderstandingoftheprimitivearttothefolkartofthenation.Toliveandtocontinuelifethroughpropagationarethetwoinstinctivedesiresofhuman.Frombirth,aperson'sfirstinstinctistosurvive,andthentolivealonglife.Fromprimitivesocietytothepresentday,theviewofyin-yangandperpetuallifehaspermeatedinallaspectsofsociallifeandthenationalcultureofChinesesociety.Chinesefolkartreflectsallofthebasicphilosophicalconcepts.3.象棋(Chinesechess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子，它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。翻译：Chinesechessisatwo-playerboardgamesprangfrommilitarystrategiesintheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesperiods.Theearly-stageChinesechessconsistedofthreecomponents:chesspieces，diceandboard.There'snodiceinmodemChinesechess.Andtiiegameisdififerraitfromitsancientcounteipartintennsofpiecesandboard.Theboardis9lineswideby10lineslong,withatotalof90crossingpoints.Thegridsformedaresquare.Thepiecesareplacedandmovedonthecrossingpoints.Thetwoplayersconductarepresentationalmilitarybattleontheboardbydeployinghorsesandchariotsandorganizingtroopsbasedontbeirunderstandingofthelayoutofdiegameandtheplayingrules.Cu...
