第十一讲定语从句&宾语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：12、3、（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?（三）、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词：when与where、why、在从句中作状语。先行词指时间when=in/at/on/duringwhichIwillneverforgetthedayswhen/onwhichwestayedinthesummerholiday.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthatwespentinthesummerholiday先行词指地点where=in/at/from/whichThefactorywhere/inwhichweworked3yearsagoismissingnow.Thefactorythat/whichwevisited3yearsagoismissingnow.1先行词指原因why=forwhichThereasonwhy/forwhichyoudidn’tcometoschoolisfunny.Thereasonwhich/thatyouexplainedmeisunbelievable.【总结】：一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom／whowhichthat定语whose（＝ofwhom）whose（＝ofwhich）1.ThisisthedoctorwhocamefromLondon.2.Thebookwhich／thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroomthat／whichShakespearewasbornin.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：只能用that的情况：1．如果先行词是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3．先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecondpersonthattoldmethesecret.5．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.（二）．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与andthis相似。例如：Hesu...
