词汇RayOptics射线光学Refraction折射Reflection反射IndexofRefraction折射率Opticalspectrum光谱Dispersion色散lens透镜TotalInternalReflection全内反射Prisms棱镜rightisoscelestriangles正等腰三角形Sphericalrefractingsurface球面折射面signconvention符号法则paraxialapproximation近轴近似aberration像差chromaticaberration色差collimated平行的；使平行criticalangle临界角defect缺点，缺陷incident入射的inclination倾斜角；偏向magnitude数量级virtualimage虚像Diffraction衍射Interference干涉aperture孔径complexexponentialfunction复指数函数complexconjugate复共轭monochromatic单色的opticalpathdifference光程差polarization偏振resonator谐振器resolution分辨率Holography全息术wavelength波长microscope显微镜beamsplitter分束器Rainbowholography彩虹全息术Volumeholograms体全息图Computer-generatedholography计算机全息术SpatialFiltering空间滤波gratings光栅harmonicsinterferogram谐波干涉图pupilfunction光瞳函数principalmaxima主极大值ModeLocking波模锁定；振荡型同步Transversemodes横向模式Laserrangefinder激光测距仪navigation导航Photodetector光电检测器photomultiplier光电倍增管Photon光子OpticalFiberCommunication光纤通信fiber纤维OpticalLoss光学损失Group集体velocity速度nonlinearity非线性anomalous-dispersion反常色散StimulatedRamanScattering受激拉曼散射Self-PhaseModulation相位调制效应Cross-PhaseModulation交叉相位调制bandwidth带宽opticalswitches光开关Photodetectors光电探测器crystal晶体Birefringence双折射electron电子Mechanicalandthermalstrength机械和热强度surface表面Bandgap能带carrierconcentration载体浓度discharge放电photovoltaic光伏OpticalThinFilmTechnology光学薄膜技术Photolithography光刻,biophotonics生物光子学,3DDisplayTechnology3d显示技术,InfraredDetectionTechnology红外探测技术exposure曝光irradiation辐照nanoparticle纳米颗粒句子Wetreatlightbeamsasraysthatpropagatealongstraightlines,exceptatinterfacesbetweendissimilarmaterials,wheretheraysmaybebentorrefracted.Thisapproach,whichhadbeenassumedtobecompletelyaccuratebeforethediscoveryofthewavenatureoflight,leadstoagreatmanyusefulresultsregardinglensopticsandopticalinstruments.我们将光束处理为沿着直线传播的光线，除了在不同材料之间的界面处，其中光线可以被弯曲或折射。这种方法被认为在发现光的波特性之前是完全准确的，导致产生许多关于透镜光学和光学仪器的有用结果。Whenalightraystrikesasmoothinterfacebetweentwotransparentmediaatanangle,itisrefracted.当光线以一个角度撞击在两个透明介质之间的平滑界面时，其为折射。Therefractiveindexofagivenmaterialisnotindependentofwavelength,butgenerallyincreasesslightlywithdecreasingwavelength.给定材料的折射率并非与波长无关，但通常随着波长减小而略微增加。Awordofwarningwithregardtothesignsinalgebraicexpression:Becauseofthesignconventionadoptedhere,derivationsbasedsolelyongeometrywillnotnecessarilyresultinthecorrectsignforagiventerm.Therearetwowaystocorrectthisdefect.Thefirst,tocarryaminussignbeforethesymbolofeachnegativequantity,istoocumbersomeandconfusingforgeneraluse.Thus,weadoptthesecond,whichistogothroughthefinalformulaandchangethesignofeachnegativequantity.Thisprocedurehasalreadybeenadoptedinconnectionwiththe“len”equationandisnecessary,asnoted,tomaketheformulaalgebraicallycorrect.Itisimportant,though,nottochangethesignsuntilthefinalstep,lestsomesignsbealteredtwice.关于代数表达式中的符号的警告词：由于这里采用的符号法则，仅基于几何的导出不一定导致给定术语的正确符号。有两种方法来纠正此缺陷。第一，在每个负数量的符号之前携带减号，对于一般使用来说太麻烦和混...
