关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句——关系代词引导的定语从句【关系代词引导的定语从句】(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?【总结】:一、关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)1.Thisisthedoctor_____________camefromLondon.2.Thebook___________________IamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedesk_________________legisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroom______________Shakespearewasbornin.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点:1.如果先行词是all,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2.如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。例如:ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3.which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思与andthis相似。例如:Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.4.先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词应该用that。例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.5.“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等,关系代词常常只可用whom或which,不可用that。例如:Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.一、典型例题()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Ach...