不定式structure1,不定式的作用(主,表,宾,定,状,补,独立)★★2,不定式的逻辑主语3,不定式的时态和语态一,语法功能:主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语(一),主语位置:大部分时候放句末(it作形式主语)。【【练练1/31/3】】我我们不可能在很短的时间内就掌握英语。WeareimpossibletomasterEnglishinashorttime.(错误)ItItisimpossibleforustomastertomasterEnglishinaEnglishinashorttime.shorttime.【【练练2/32/3】】你在这里停车是违章的。Youareagainsttheregulationtoparkyourcarhere.(错误)ItItisagainsttheregulationforyoutoparktoparkyouryourcarhere.carhere.【【练练3/33/3】】总体而言,我们可以有理由去推断,相对于噪音,人们更喜欢平静安宁的环境。(剑7,T4,R)Sb.should/must/can````(过于主观强硬)Ingeneral,itisplausible/necessary/imperativetosupposethatweshouldpreferpeaceandquiettonoise.(二),表语【练1/4】我的打算是在英国或者上剑桥,或者上牛津。(剑3,T3,S)MyplanistoattendeitherCambridgeorOxfordinEngland.【练2/4】儿童的主要任务仍是玩耍和获得乐趣。(剑3,T3,W)Children'smainresponsibilityisstilltoplanandhavefun.【练3/4】地中海国家的森林问题将会在下次专家会时被讨论。(剑7,T3,R)ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedathenextmeetingofexperts.【练4/4】培养多样性的关键是让人们不仅学习占主导地位的语言,同事也学习祖先们传下来的语言。(剑4,T2,R)Thekeytofosteringdiversityisforpeopletolearntheirancestraltongue,aswellasthedominantlanguage.(三),宾语后接不定式作宾语的动词详见附录(四),不定式--作定语【练1/4】这的确给了我们不断努力提高英语水平的勇气。ThisreallygaveusthecouragecouragetokeeptryingtoimproveourEnglish.【练2/4】所有学生都有一些机会去增强自己的信心。(剑4,G,TA,R)Allstudentsaregivenchancestodeveloptheirconfidence.【练3/4】Thereareplentyofopportunitiesfornewtechnologiestohelpfilterandcategorizeinformation.(剑5,T3,R)【练4/4】我反对那项机场扩建和增加航班数量的计划。(剑3,G,TB,W)Iobjecttotheplantoexpandtheairportandincreasethenumbersofflights.(五),不定式------作状语①目的状语:=inorderto/soastoScientistsareworkingtodiscoverthelinksbetweentheweatherandhumanbeings’moodandperformance.(剑3,T3,R)I’dclimbthehighestmountain,justtoseetoseeyousmile.I’dswimtheocean,justtoholdtoholdyourhand.I’drunamillionmiles,justtobetobewithyouforever.我愿意翻越最高的山脉,就是为了目睹你的微笑;我愿意横渡海洋,就是为了与你牵手;我愿意跨越万里,只是为了与你永远共度此生。②结果状语:Liftastoneonlytodropitonyourownfeet.【练】这个时代长大的孩子不尊重家人,而只是关注自己的利益。Childrengrowupduringthisagenottorespecttheirfamilies,buttoonlybeconcernedwiththeirownindividualwelfare.宾语补语:Thefoolthinkshimselftobewise,butthewisemanknowshimselftobefool.愚者自以为智,智者自知其愚。【基本形式】:动词+宾语+动词不定式(六),不定式-----作补语主语补语:多出现在被动语态之后TheOlympicsisconsideredtobethehighestlevelofcompetitivesport.(剑3,T1,W)【基本模式】:主语+系动词+动词的被动语态+动词不定式(七),独立使用的不定式Tobeginwith,onbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,Iwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitality.---尼可松,1972首先,我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢,感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。不定式可用作独立成分,用来修饰整个句子。“总之,简而言之,概括来说”toconclude,allinall,inconclusion,generallyspeaking,inaword,inshort,Tosumup,tobebrief,Tosaynothingof```,/nottomention```,Toillustrate,Todosb.just...