高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）★重点语法：情态动词与虚拟语气（二）一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中：虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+did（be-were）主语+should/would/could/might+do与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反If+主语+did（be-were）If+主语+wereto+doIf+主语+should+do主语+should/would/could/might+doIfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechance.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.?注意：1.当从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为发生时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.2.从句中if可以省略，但要把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句：常用的介词有with,without,butfor。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)4.含蓄条件句Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中：1.用于宾语从句●wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。IwishthatIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishthatIhadmetthefamouswriteryesterday.●Ifonly+句子=HowIwishthat⋯IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!●wouldrather后的宾语从句中：Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.Iwouldrathertheyhadn’theardofthenews.(从句动作先发生)●表示“建议、要求、命令”（如suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,insist,order）等词后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should可以省略：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.注意：当suggest意为“暗示、表明”；insist意为“坚持说、力言”时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.2.用于主语从句：Itissuggested/proposed⋯that(should+do)，should可以省略Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中：suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其构成是should+do,should可省略。Myrequestisthatyou(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.三、虚拟语气用在其他句型中:1.asif/asthoughHelooksasifhewereanartist.（同时）ShespeaksEnglishasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.（先于）HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheUSA.（后于）2.Itis(high)time(that)⋯从句中可用过去式或should+动词原形（should不能省略），意为“该到做某事的时候了”。Itishightimethatyouwenttoschool.Itishightimethatyoushouldgotoschool.
