考研315化学(农) 综合练习试题及答案VIP专享VIP免费

一、命名或写结构式CH3CH3CH3BrHHOHSO3HNNNHCH3(R)—2—甲基—3—溴丁烷5—羟基—2—萘磺酸4—甲氨基偶氮苯4—（N-甲基氨基）偶氮苯CH3CONO2OCOCH2OClCHOCH3OCH3醋酸硝酸酯(乙酰基硝酸酯)苄氧甲酰氯苯甲醛缩二甲醇OCOOHHOCH2COOHH2－环戊烯酮（S）－苹果酸β－吲哚乙酸甲酯DMFHCH2COOCH3NCONCH3CH3HCH2CHCH2HBr+（过量）CH3CH2CCH2CHCH3CH3BrBr(CH3)3CC2H5+KMnO4H£«(CH3)3CCOOH二、写出反应主要产物CCH+H2OHgSO4-H2SO4+CH3CHCH2ClCH3AlCl3OCCH3C(CH3)3BrCH=CHCH2CNOClCH2CHBrCH+KCN（过量）OH浓H2SO4OH浓H2SO4+K2Cr2O7CH3+OHICH3IOH+OCHOCOONH4OHCOONaOOO+O3CHO+Ag(NH3)2OHOHCOOH+NaHCO3Zn/H2OCH3CH2CHCHCHOOHCH3CH3CH2CH=CCHOCH3CH3CH2CHO稀OH-CHO+HCHO浓OH-HCOOCNaCH2OH+COOCH3COOHCOOCH3COOH+COOHCOC+CH3OHOO+COOHCH3OCH2CH(OCH3)2H3O+CH3OCH2CHO2CH3OH+CH3CCH2COOCH2CH3+Br2OH2OCH3CCHCOOC2H5OHBrBrCOOHPCl3Br2/NaOHCOClNH3NH2CONH2H2NCCH2OCOON=NN(CH3)2ClH2NCCH2CClOO+OH+N2ClN(CH3)20~5¡æN2Cl+CuClCH3CHCNHCNH2+H2OOONH2CH3CHCOOH+NH4++CO2NH3+H2OCH2HOOOHOHOHOH+Br2CH2OHCOOHNH3CCOOOKOHRXNHCOCONKCOCONRCOCOCH2COOHOHOCOCH2CH3CH2OCCH2CHOCH2+NaHSO3(¹ýÁ¿£©CH3CH2CCH2CH2CHOHSO3NaOOO+OOOO1.下列醇与Lucas试剂反应时，反应活性由大到小的次序为:HOHC2H5CHOa.b.c.CH3OHCH3CHOHCH3三、选择、填空a>c>bb>c>a2.下列卤代烃按SN2反应时，活性由大到小的次序为：a.b.c.BrBrCH2BrCH33.下列化合物与NaHSO3加成时，反应活性由大到小的次序为：a.b.CH3CHOCH2CHOFc.CH3CCH3OCH3CH2CCH3Od.b>a>c>d4.下列卤代烃按E1反应时，活性由大到小的次序为：a.b.c.CH2CH2ClCH3CHCH3CH3CCH2CH3ClClCH3c>b>a5.伯、仲、叔醇与金属钠发生反应时，反应速率最快的是，最慢的是。伯醇叔醇6.下列糖为α－D－构型的是：A.B.OOHHOHHOHOHOHHHOHOHCH2OHCH2OHOHOHHHC.D.OHOHHHOHHOHHCH2OHOHOHHOHHHOHCH2OHOHOHD7.下列化合物具有变旋现象的是。A.B.C.D.OCCCH2OHOHCOOHOCH3OCHOOHCH2OHCH2OHCH2OHC内酯8.下列化合物碱性最强的是，最弱的是。A.吡啶B.四氢吡咯C.吡咯D.苯胺9.某氨基酸溶于pH＝7的纯水中，测得氨基酸溶液的pH＝5，问该氨基酸的等电点是。A.大于5B.等于5C.小于5BCC10.下列糖哪些互为差向异构体。A.B.C.D.CHOCH2OHCH2OHCHOCH2OHCHOCH2OHCH2OHOA、D四、分离或除去1.甲苯、苯酚和2,4,6－三硝基苯酚用NaHCO3溶液，有CO2气体放出的是2,4,6-三硝基苯酚；用FeCl3溶液，呈蓝紫色的是苯酚；不反应的是甲苯。2.甲苯、苯乙烯、苯乙炔和叔丁基苯用KMnO4/H+溶液，不褪色的是叔丁基苯；用Ag(NH3)2NO3溶液，有灰白色沉淀的是苯乙炔；用Br2/H2O褪色的是苯乙烯。3.果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖先用斐林试剂，有砖红色沉淀的是果糖和麦芽糖；然后用西列凡诺夫反应，2分钟内显红色的是果糖。注：蔗糖也可发生西列凡诺夫反应。OOHOHHOHOHOCH2OCH3OOHHOHOCH2OCH3OOHHOHOHOCH2OCH3斐林试剂苯肼生成糖脎无砖红色有砖红色有砖红色不生成糖脎OOCH3OHHOHOCH2OHOOCH3OHHOHOCH2OHOOHHOHOCH2OHOH5.用化学方法分离苯甲酸、苯胺和苯甲醇的混合物±½¼×Ëá±½°·±½¼×´¼Ë®²ãÓлú²ã±½¼×ËáÄƱ½°·ÑÎËáÑα½°·±½¼×´¼±½°·±½¼×´¼Óлú²ãË®²ãNaOHHClHCl(H2O)Na2CO3±½¼×ËáH2O6.除去苯甲醛中少量的苯甲酸±½¼×Ëá±½¼×È©Óлú²ãË®²ã±½¼×È©±½¼×ËáÄÆ(ÆúÈ¥)Na2CO3H2O7.分离环己烷和环己烯的混合物环己烷环己烯冷浓H2SO4分液上层下层环己烷环己烯OSO3H8.分离苯和吡啶的混合物苯吡啶浓HCl稀NaOH苯吡啶盐酸盐吡啶9.除去苯中的少量噻吩用浓H2SO4可除去噻吩五、以给定的有机物为原料，无机试剂任选，完成下列转化1.CH3CH2CH2ClCH3CHCH3BrCH3CH2ClCH3CH=CH2KOH-C2H5OHCH3CHCH3HBrBr3.CH3CHCH2CH3CHCOOHCH3KCNCH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH3BrHBrH3O+CH3CHCOOHCH3CHCH3CNCH34.CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH2=CH2H2SO4CH3CH2OSO3HH2O浓CH3CH2OHCuCH3CHOOH-稀CH3CH=CHCHOH2-NiCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCHCH5.CH3CHCH2CH3OHHgSO4-H2SO4CH3CHOCHCHH2OH2-NiPBr3CH3CH2BrMgCH3C...