英语平行结构和比较结构Parallelism&Comparison•连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。•并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。•从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句。一、平行结构,即并列结构:由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。并列结构的连接手段•1)并列连词•2)标点符号•3)并列结构的插入语•在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语,使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。•4)并列结构的对称组合•成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。•常见的并列连词有:1、表递进关系:and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,not…but…2.选择关系:or,either…or…,otherwise,whether...or3.转折对比关系:but,yet,whereas,while,still4.因果关系:so,for5.并列关系:and,when一、表示平行、递进关系的连词•1.AandB•And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首,使上下文联系更紧密。•Thefabricislightandstrong.•Ilikereadingandfishinginmysparetime.Thismodelofthecomputerispowerful,andthepriceiscompetitive.•Itwasaseverewinter.Andwehadnotenoughfoodforourselves.•2.bothAandB•这一结构是and的强化形式,连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。•Thenewtaxpolicybenefitsbothworkersandfarmers.•BothesheandIareinterestedinEnglishliterature.•3.notonly…but(also)…不仅……而且……•notonly…but…aswell不仅……而且……也•aswellas和•…and…aswell和•*notonly…but(also)…结构侧重在后者,而aswellas侧重在前者。•NotonlyGeorgebutalsohiswifedidalotforus.•Itissaidthathecanflyaplaneaswellasdriveacar.•Shecanplaypopmusicandclassicalmusicaswell.二、表示选择关系的连词•1.neitherAnorB•这一结构表示否定意义,若连接两个句子可以采用倒装形式。•Einsteincaredforneithermoneynorfame.Youcanneithertakeitoutnorphotocopyit.•*在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。•Youcannevertakeitoutorphotocopyit.•2.or或者,大约,否则,不然•either…or…或者…….或者……,不是……就是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式)•Doyoustayathomealoneorgototheatrewithme?•You’llhavetowaitoneortwodaysbeforeyouknowtheresult.•Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.•Haveonemoretry,oryouwon’tbesuccessful.•Eitherhedidn’tspeakclearlyoryoudidn’thearwell.三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词•but(但是),yet(然而),while(而,却)等•Afterabusyday,Ifelttiredbuthappy.•Difficultieswillariseinthecourseofreforming,butwewillcertainlyovercomethem.•Hewasnotfeelingwell,yethekeptonuntilitwasdone.•Chinaisrichinnaturalresources,whileJapanispoor.四、表示因果关系的并列连词•so(因此,所以),for(因为)•Manydirectorswereabsent,sothemeetinghadtobepostponed.•Hemusthavedonesomethingwrong,fortheheadteachercalledhimtotheoffice.•*so不能与because同时出现在同一句中。For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进行推断,因此for引导的句子不能用于句首。1.Tomistall_________hisbrotherisshort.2.Shegotupearly,________shefailedtobethereontime.3.Itisnotwrongofpeopletopursuewealth;________,theyshouldalsotrytolearntofulfilltheirknowledge.4.Someonemustbecoming,______thedogisbarking.5.Thatwasourfirstlesson,_______shedidn’tknowallournames.whilebutyetforso1.OnedayJohnwaslate,______hismissedthefirstclass.2.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,_____hespokemoreeasily.3.Thechildrencangowithus,____theycanstayathome.4.Youmusttellthetruth,_________youwillbepunished.5.Eitheryoucandoitbyyourself,______youcanasksomeoneelsetohelpyou.6.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?----I’msorry,_____therearen’tanyseatsnow.andbutalsoorororbutPairedconjunctionsDirections:Addisoraret...