Todo一、动词不定式的作用•动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。•1.主语•Toliveistowork.•Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡,,常用常用itit代它作主语代它作主语,,把它把它移到句子后部去移到句子后部去..ItItisagreatpleasureisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.toplaybasketball.即即:Itis/was+adj/n+todo:Itis/was+adj/n+todoItisbesttodoso.Itisbesttodoso.2.作表语HisjobistoteachEnglish.Themainthingistokeepourmachinefromrust.•A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。HeisHeistomarryRosetomarryRose..•B.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。•Herwishwastobecomeanartist.•C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。•Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.•SheisSheistoblametoblame..•3.作宾语（跟在某些动词后）•IlearntospeakEnglish.•Theydecidedtobegintheexprimentatonce.•A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:•（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,botheraskbegdecideseempretenwishdemandrefusemanagehappen.•B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:•tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…•tellsbwhattodo…•4作宾语补足语•Ilikeyoutodoitthisway.•PleaseaskJohntoturnonthelight.•跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词•A.let,have,make,get等表使役的动词•Theymadeusgowiththem.•注意:•Let/have/makesb.do;getsb.todo•Theygotustogowiththem.•注意：变被动式要加to•Theboywasmadetostudy.•B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的动词•Thechairmanrequestedthememberstobesilent.•C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词Theguardforbademetoenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法)Manyparentsexpecttheirchildrentostudyabroad•E.seesee、、watchwatch、、noticenotice、、hearhear、、listentolistento、、observeobserve、、feelfeel等表感官的动词等表感官的动词•Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.•Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.•注注::感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带toto•F.其他动词•advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind…•Pleaseremindmetotaketheraincoat.•5.作定语•（1）动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。•Hesaidhehadanimportanttoattend.•Thefishermanhadnothingtotakehomethatmoring.(2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.•(3)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。•Decision,wish,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,right,ability,patience•Hehadnochancetogotoschool.•Tomhadnotimetothinkaboutrest.•Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?
