01. THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期表。The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数，或质子数，卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z，总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数，这个数的原子中的中子，中子数，给出了所有的数量The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: 术语元素是指，一个纯粹的物质与一个单一的一种原子。到药店“种”的原子是由它的原子序数， 因为它的属性决定了其化学行为。目前所有的原子从 2 =1=107 是已知有 107 种化学元素。 每一种化学元素被给予了一个名字和一个独特的符号。对大多数元素符号的简单的缩写形式的英语名字组成一个或2 个字母，例如：oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg Some elements,which have been known for a long time,have symbols based on their Latin names, for example: 一些元素，已经知道了很长时间，有符号的基础上他们的拉丁名称，例如：iron==Fe(ferrum) copper==Cu(cuprum) lead==Pb(plumbum) A complete listing...
