常用溶剂极性表solventPolarity极性Viscosity(cp20°C)粘度Boilingpoint(C)沸点UVcutoff(nm)紫外吸收i-pentane(戊烷)0.00--30--n-pentane0.000.2336210Petroleumether(石油醚)0.010.3030-60210Hexane(己烷)0.060.3369210Cyclohexane(环己烷)0.101.0081210Isooctane(异辛烷)0.100.5399210Trifluoroaceticacid(三氟乙酸)0.10--72--Trimethylpentane(三甲基戊烷)0.100.4799215Cyclopentane(环戊烷)0.200.4749210n-heptane(庚烷)0.200.4198200Butylchloride(丁基氯;丁酰氯)1.000.4678220Trichloroethylene(三氯乙烯;乙炔化三氯)1.000.5787273Carbontetrachloride(四氯化碳)1.600.9777265Trichlorotrifluoroethane(三氯三氟代乙烷)1.900.7148231i-propylether(丙基醚;丙醚)2.400.3768220Toluene(甲苯)2.400.59111285p-xylene(对二甲苯)2.500.65138290Chlorobenzene(氯苯)2.700.80132--o-dichlorobenzene(领二氯苯)2.701.33180295Ethylether(二乙醚;醚)2.900.2335220Benzene(苯)3.000.6580280Isobutylalcohol(异丁醇)3.004.70108220Methylenechloride(二氯甲烷)3.400.4440245Ethylenedichloride(二氯化乙烯)3.500.7984228n-butanol(丁醇)3.902.95117210n-butylacetate(醋酸丁酯;4.00——126254乙酸丁酯)n-propanol(丙醇)4.002.2798210Methylisobutylketone()4.20--119330Tetrahydrofuran(四氢咲喃)4.200.5566220Ethanol(乙醇)4.301.2079210Ethylacetate(乙酸乙酯)4.300.4577260i-propanol(丙醇)4.302.3782210Chloroform(氯仿)4.400.5761245Methylethylketone(甲基乙基酮)4.500.4380330Dioxane(二恶烷;二氧六环;一氧杂环己烷)4.801.54102220Pyridine(吡啶)5.300.97115305Acetone(丙酮)5.400.3257330Nitromethane(硝基甲烷)6.000.67101380Aceticacid(乙酸)6.201.28118230Acetonitrile(乙腈)6.200.3782210Aniline(苯胺)6.304.40184--Dimethylformamide(二甲基甲酰胺)6.400.92153270Methanol(甲醇)6.600.6065210Ethyleneglycol(乙二醇)6.9019.90197210Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)7.202.24189268water10.201.00100268二:常用溶剂的沸点、溶解性和毒性溶剂名称沸点°C(101.3kPa)溶解性毒性液氨-33.35液态二氧化硫多数饱和烃不溶甲胺-6.3特殊溶解性:能溶解碱金属和碱土金属剧毒性、腐蚀性-10.08 溶解胺、醚、醇苯酚、有机酸、芳香烃、溴、二硫化碳,剧...