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Lesson 4 The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 经济景观：全球视野(Excerpts) 1. In 1991,for the second year in a row, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated, as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991 (similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent. 1991 年，中低收入国家以人均国内生产总值（GDP）测算的经济增长连续两年处于停滞状态。1991 年（与1990 年的不景气状况相似） ，发展中国家的总产量的增长率略低于2%，这意味着其人均收入降低了0.1%。2. Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East. Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s. Estimates of GDP growth by major geographic region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa; an increase in China ’ s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.1991 年的总数据，不仅受到了海湾危机对中东几个国家的经济的有害作用的影响，而且也受到了中、东欧国家的产量的急剧下降的影响。除去中、东欧国家，发展中国家1991 年的经济增长率是3.4%，而其八十年代的增长率是 3.8%。对主要大国国内生产总值的增长情况的评估显示，拉丁美洲和撒哈拉沙漠以南地区是加速增长；中国之增长率的上升使东亚地区的高增长率得以保持。3. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991. The seven major industrial countries (the G-7) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth— from 2.8 per cent in 1990 to 1.9 per cent during 1991...