形容词、副词 (一) 知识概要 形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中 some, no, a lot of, plenty of 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下: 构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级 加 er,或 est Tall young taller younger tallest youngest 只加 r 或 st nice large nicer larger nicest largest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加 er、est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 不规则变化的形容词或副词: 原 级 比较级 最高级 good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow 等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下: 构词法 形容词 副 词 一般加 ly Careful kind carefully kindly 尾是y时将 y变成 i 加 ly Happy busy easy Happily busily easily 其 他 true terrible full possible shy whole truly terribly fully possibly shyly wholly 在学习过程中要注意其变化。 此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和 a little. 能修饰最高级的有:the very, much the, far 等。 (二) 正误辨析 [误] The young likes playing football very much. [正] The young like playing football very much. [析] 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:The beautiful is not always kin...