第十一章介词 介词又称为前置词,属于虚词,不能独自作句子成分,必须与名词或代词等词类构成介词短语,才可以担任句子的成分。 一、介词的种类和介词短语 1 介词的种类 英语的介词从字形上区分,有两种: 简单介词,即只由一个单词构成,例如:at, in, on, with, before 等。 短语单词,由两个或两个以上的单词集合构成,如:because of, out of, instead of, in front of等。 2 介词短语的用法 介词短语是介词与它的宾语构成的,可以在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和独立成分。 (1)作表语 Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日? They are against (for) him. 他们反对(赞成)他。 You are now in safety. 你现在安全了。 (2)作定语 The students in Class One are having a meeting. 一班的同学们正在开会。 Mr. Wang bought a flat of five rooms. 王先生买了一套有五间屋子的单元房。 The car under the tree is Miss Li's. 树底下的那辆车是李小姐的。 注意:介词短语作定语使用时,必须要后置。(而形容 词作定语,多放在名词之前。) (3)作状语 可修饰动词,形容词和副词以及整个句子。 The Flight 108 will arrive at the airport at 3:20. 第 108 航班将于 3∶20 到港。(修饰动词 arrive) Your grandma doesn't look old for her age. 你奶奶看起来比她的实际岁数要小。(修饰形容词 old) She runs fastest of them. 她是她们中跑得最快的。(修饰副词 fastest) To my astonishment, he was so stubborn. 令我感到吃惊的是,他竟如此固执己见。(修饰整个句子) 提示:副词作状语与介词短语作状语,其位置相同。例如: Sit here. 坐这儿。 Sit in this seat. 坐这个位子。 (4)作宾语补足语 Do you think of him as a reliable guy? 你认为他是一个靠得住的人吗? He made her out of danger. 他使她脱离了危险。 She left the key at home. 她把钥匙落在家里了。 (5)作独立成分 Now, Zhang Yimou becomes, in short, one of the finest directors on China movie stage. 简而言之,现在张艺谋成为中国电影界最优秀的导演之一。 By the way, will you please tell me if you want to take part in the performance next week? 顺便问一下,你...