介词短语在句中的用法和判别 一、介词和介词短语的形式 介词的形式可以是单个的词,如 at, in, by, of 等;也可以由几个词组成,如 out of(出自;在…外),instead of(代替;而不是),because of(由于),in spite of(尽管),by means of(借助于)等;还可以由某些动词的分词形式转化成介词,如 considering(考虑到),including(包括),regarding(关于)等。 介词不能独立担任句子成分,而必须与名词、代词、数词、动名词构成介词短语,有时还可以把副词、介词短语、复合结构和从句作为介词的宾语(参阅第 138 节宾语例 10~14 等)。兹举例如下: 1. They are friends of the Chinese people. 他们是中国人民的朋友。(介词+名词) 2. Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的每个东西都是物质。(介词+代词) 3. Everything divides into two. 事物都是一分为二的。(介词+数词) 4. They work at the instruments factory near here. 他们在这里附近的仪表厂工作。(介词+副词。本结构详见第 140、一。) 5. After reading the book, I got to know something about internet phones. 把这本书读完之后,我开始对因特网电话有所了解。(介词+动名词短语) 6. It is understood that this machine is out of action. 不用说,这台机器坏了。(复合介词+名词) 7. The effects vary from (being) negligible, if below the concentration range, to deadly if above. 如果低于该浓度范围,效果是微不足道的;如果高于该范围,则效果是致命的。(介词+动名词短语。注意 from 和 to 之间插入条件从句,并且有省略成份。) 8. With water transformed into steam, the locomotive gains a motive force. (等于 As water is transformed into steam,… )随着水变成蒸汽,机车获得了动力。(介词+复合结构) 9. She is well-qualified in typing and very efficient at her work. 她打字完全合格并且工作十分有效。(介词+动名词或名词) 10. John is slow at understanding, but you have to be patient with him. 约翰理解慢,但你得耐心对待他。(同上) 11. a. She is angry with her child. 她跟她的孩子生气。(介词+名词) b. She is angry about h...