1. The Environment and Environmental Engineering 环境和环境工程学Simply said, the environment can be defined as one's surroundings. In terms of the environmental engineer'sinvolvement, however, a more specific definition is needed. To the environmentalengineer,the word environment may take on global dimensions, may refer to a very localized area in which a specific problem must be addressed,or may, in the case of containedenvironments,refer to a small volume of liquid, gaseous,or solid materials within a treatment plant reactor. 简单的说，环境可以定义为我们的周围。 但是就环境工程师参与的角度来说， 需要一个更加明确的定义。对于环境工程师来说，环境这个词可能包含全球范围； 也可能专指非常局部的一个地区，在这个地区中涉及到一些具体要解决的问 题；或者也可能在密闭的环境中，指处理厂反应器内的一小块液体、气体或固体。The global environment consists of the atmosphere, thehydrosphereand the lithosphere in which the life-sustaining resources of the earth are contained. The atmosphere, a mixture of gases extending outward from the surface of the earth, evolved from elementsof the earth that were gasified during its formation and metamorphosis. The hydrosphere consists of the oceans,the lakes and streams and the shallow groundwater bodies that interflow with the surface water.The lithosphere is the soil mantle that wraps the core of the earth. 全球环境由大气圈、水圈和岩石圈所组 成，其中包含了维系地球上生命的资源。 大气圈，从地球表面向外延伸的一种混合气体，它从地球的形成和变化过程中气化产生的元素演变而来。水圈由海洋、湖泊、溪流以及与地表水互通的浅层地下水体所组成。岩石圈是指包围地核的土质地幔。The biosphere,a thin shell that encapsulatesthe earth, is made up of the atmosphereand lithosphere adjacentto the surface of the earth, together with the hydrosphere.It is within the biosphere that the lif...
