科技文献计算机程序翻译 计算机科学与技术专业

科技文献翻译 Section A Computer Program (计算机程序)Section B Software Life Cycle (软件生命周期) 英文原文：Computer ProgramⅠ. IntroductionA computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination functions. For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, that is the computer reads the program, and then follows the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the computer.Program fall into two major classes: application program and operating systems. An application program is one that carries out some function directly for a user, such as word processing or game playing. An operating system is a program that manages the computer and the various resources and devices connected to it, such as RAM(random access memory),hard drives, monitors, keyboards, printers, and modems, so that they may be used by other program. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows XP, OS/2, and UNIX. Ⅱ.Program Development Software designers create new program by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called program source file. The individual instructions that make up the source file are called source code. At this point, a special application program transl...