生化英文名词解释

精品文档。1欢迎下载名词解释Glossary第一章蛋白质的结构与功能Chapter 1 Structure and Function of Proteinpeptide bond（肽键）：a covalent bond linking the α - amino group of one amino acid and the α -carboxyl group of another in a protein molecule.peptide （肽）：a molecule containing two or more amino acids linked by peptide bond.primary structure of protein（ 蛋 白 质 的 一 级 结 构 ）： the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.secondary structure of protein（蛋白质的二级结构）： the spatial arrangement of local portions of a polypeptide chain.tertiary structure of protein（蛋白质的三级结构）：the spatial arrangement of all the atoms of a protein or a subunit.quaternary structure of protein （蛋白质的四级结构）：the spatial arrangement of a protein that consists of more than one folded polypeptide chain or subunit.subunit （亚基）：an individual polypeptide chain that associates with one or more separate chains to form a complete protein.motif （模序）：a substructure formed with two or more secondary-structure peptide segments that are drawn close to each other.domain （结构域） ：a region within a protein, particularly within a large polypeptide, that functions in a semi-independent manner.positive cooperativity（正协同效应） ：an effect that the binding of one ligand to a protein facilitates the subsequent ligand binding.allosteric effect（变构效应） ： an effect that a small molecule, called an effector, noncovalently binds to a protein and alters its activity.isoelectric point （pI ）of protein （蛋白质的等电点） ：the pH at which a protein has an equal number of positive and negative charges and hence bears no net charge.denaturation of protein（蛋白质变性） ： the disruption of the natively folded structure of a protein ca...