同济大学刚体转动惯量实验VIP专享VIP免费

同济大学刚体转动惯量实验报告实验成员：***实验组别：第四组实验时间：2013.10.28实验地点：力学实验中心105一．实验目的1.了解多功能计数计时毫秒仪实时测量（时间）的基本方法2.用刚体转动法测定物体的转动惯量3.验证刚体转动的平行轴定理4.验证刚体的转动惯量与外力矩无关二．实验原理1.转动力矩、转动惯量和角加速的关系系统在外力矩作用下的运动方程T*r+Mμ=Jβ2(1)由牛顿第二定律可知，砝码下落时的运动方程为：mg-T=ma即绳子的张力T=m(g-rβ2)砝码与系统脱离后的运动方程：Mμ=Jβ1（2）由方程（1）和方程（2）可得J=mr(g-rβ2)/(β2-β1)2.角加速度的测量θ=ω0t+0.5βt2若在t1、t2时刻测得角位移θ1和θ2，则θ1=ω0t1+0.5βt12θ2=ω0t2+0.5βt22所以，有以上两方程可得β=2（θ2t1-θ1t2）/t1t2(t2-t1)三．实验步骤1.放置仪器，滑轮置于实验台外3-4cm,调节仪器水平，设置毫秒仪计数次数2.连接传感器与计数计时毫秒仪，调节霍尔开关与磁钢间距为0.4-0.6cm,转离磁钢，复位毫秒仪，转动到磁钢与霍尔开关相对时，毫秒仪低电平指示灯亮，开始计时和技数3.将质量为m=100g的砝码的一端打结沿塔轮上开的细缝塞入，并整齐地绕于半径为r的塔轮4.调节滑轮的方向和高度，使挂线与绕线塔轮相切，挂线与绕线轮的中间呈水平5.释放砝码，带动转动体系做加速度转动6.计数计时毫秒仪自动记录系统从0π开始作1π，2π…角位移相应的时刻四．实验装置计数计时毫秒仪、五．实验数据1转动次数（π）空载40(直径）2011.05511.79211.07111.15311.13911.1131910.61611.34410.63210.71310.69910.6741810.17810.89710.19510.27410.26110.236179.74310.4539.7619.8379.8259.8169.30810.019.3279.4029.399.366158.8769.5698.8958.9698.9588.934148.4459.1298.4658.5368.5268.503138.0178.6928.0378.1068.0978.074127.5898.2567.6097.6777.6687.646117.1637.8227.1847.2517.2427.22106.7397.3896.766.8256.8176.79596.3036.9456.3256.3886.3816.3685.8446.4755.8665.9285.9215.975.35959785.385.4415.4355.41464.845.4444.8624.924.9154.89554.2834.8674.3044.364.3554.33643.6744.2323.6953.7473.7433.72532.9973.523.0183.0663.0623.04522.2222.6892.242.2822.2792.26411.2851.6461.2991.3291.3291.316β2，t12.9983.2213.0053.0313.0263.02β2,t24.5594.8294.5674.5994.5924.584β1,t11.2911.3181.291.2961.2931.292β1,t23.0383.13.0343.0473.0423.039β20.8094470.8112650.8106110.8105270.8121220.813297β1-0.07057-0.06383-0.06624-0.06267-0.06847-0.06683J0.0222350.0223610.0223160.0224090.0222210.022232J0.0222732.转动次数（π）圆环175,215,936，砝码1002013.32313.37713.42613.42713.4031912.79712.84712.89712.89712.8741812.27212.31912.3712.26812.3471711.7511.79411.84611.84211.8231611.2311.2711.32411.31711.31510.71210.7510.80410.79610.7811410.19610.23110.28610.27610.262139.6839.7149.7719.7599.746129.1719.1999.2579.2439.232118.6628.6878.7468.738.72108.1548.1778.2358.2188.2197.6337.6527.7127.6947.68787.0837.0997.167.147.13576.5026.5146.5756.5546.55265.985.895.955.9275.92755.2115.2175.2765.2525.25544.4794.4824.5384.5124.51933.6643.6613.7153.6913.69822.7262.7192.7662.7492.75311.5861.581.611.6031.605β2，t13.6253.6373.6663.6493.65β2,t25.4975.5195.555.5375.53β1,t11.5471.5561.5531.5581.554β1,t23.643.6633.6553.6683.657β20.5702110.5623910.5671790.5589190.567646β1-0.04849-0.05072-0.04948-0.05104-0.04887J0.0316430.0319310.0317480.0320970.031755理论值0.031263实际值0.031835误差1.80%3.转动次数（π）验证平行轴40mm(半径）,400克2011.64811.47212.0511.45211.6241911.18911.01611.58610.99611.1661810.73110.56111.12310.54110.7091710.27510.10810.66310.08910.255169.8219.65710.2059.6389.802159.379.2099.7499.199.352148.928.7619.2948.7428.902138.4728.3168.8438.2988.456128.0267.8738.3927.8548.01117.5827...