一、名词解释1.两性离子( dipolarion)2.必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)3.等电点 (isoelectric point,pI)4.构型 (configuration)5.蛋白质的一级结构(protein primary structure)6.构象 (conformation)7.蛋白质的二级结构(protein secondary structure)8.结构域 (domain)9.蛋白质的三级结构(protein tertiary structure)10.氢键 (hydrogen bond)11.蛋白质的四级结构(protein quaternary structure)12.离子键 (ionic bond)13.超二级结构 (super-secondary structure)14.疏水键 (hydrophobic bond)15.范德华力 ( van der Waals force)16.盐析 (salting out)17.盐溶 (salting in)18.蛋白质的变性(denaturation)19.蛋白质的复性(renaturation)20.蛋白质的沉淀作用(precipitation)21.凝胶电泳( gel electrophoresis)22.层析( chromatography )23.磷酸二酯键(phosphodiester bonds)24.碱基互补规律(complementary base pairing)25.反密码子( anticodon )26.顺反子( cistron)27.核酸的变性与复性(denaturation、renaturation)28.退火( annealing )29.增色效应( hyper chromic effect)30.减色效应( hypo chromic effect)31. DNA 的熔解温度( melting temperature T)32.分子杂交( molecular hybridization)33.米氏常数( K值)34.底物专一性(substrate specificity)35.辅基( prosthetic group)36.单体酶( monomeric enzyme )37.寡聚酶( oligomeric enzyme)38.多酶体系( multienzyme system)39.激活剂( activator)40.抑制剂( inhibitor inhibiton)41.变构酶( allosteric enzyme)42.同工酶( isozyme )43.酶原( zymogen)44.酶的比活力(enzymatic compare energy)45.酶的活性中心(active center)46.生物氧化( biological oxidation)47.呼吸链( respiratory chain)48.氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation)49.磷氧比 P/O(P/O)50.底物水平磷酸化(substrate level phosphorylation)51.糖异生 (glycogenolysis)52.发酵 (fermentation)53.变构调节 (allosteric regulation)54.糖酵解途径 (glycolytic pathway)55.糖的有氧氧化(aerobic oxidation)56.磷酸戊糖途径(pentose phosphate pathway)57.必需脂肪酸(essential fatty acid)58...