复习提纲： What is translation and its essence？（什么是翻译和其本质？） Translation is the expression in one language of what has been expressed in another language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. It is a kind of cross-language, cross-culture and cross society language activity. Its essence is the meaning explanation and transformation 翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的，跨语言，跨交际，跨社会的语言活动。其本质是释意，意义的转换。 types of translation（翻译的分类） From the stand point of signs: intralingual translation，interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation 从涉及的符号来看：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译 From the stand point of the extent to which translation is done：full translation，partial translation and translation plus editing 从翻译的方法来看：全译，摘译，编译 From the stand point of way in translation is carried out：written interlingual translation，oral interlingual translation and machine translation 从翻译的手段来看：笔译，口译，机器翻译 From the stand point of the languages involved：native language into foreign language and foreign language into native language 从 source language and target language 的角度：本族语译外族语，外族语译本族语 From the stand point of the subject matter：professional translation（juristic and science writings）， literary translation（novel，poem and drama）and general translation 从翻译的题材来看：专业翻译（法律，科技文献），文学翻译（诗歌，散文，戏剧），一般性翻译（各种应用文和新闻报道） procedure of translation（翻译的过程） accurate comprehension，adequate expression and testing（理解，表达，校核） comprehension contains grammatical analysis，semantic analysis，stylistic analysis and discourse analysis 理解分为：语法分析，意义分析，风格分析和语篇分析 adequate expression：literal translati...
