Chapter1AGeneralIntroductiontoChineseCultureWordsandExpressions:thedescendantsofYanandHuang 炎黄子孙porcelain 瓷器TheappellationofChinaChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereaches（中游）oftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto（合并，融合 ） one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthatthelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"MiddleKingdom"（中国），thusgivingChinaitscountryname.Chinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan（昌南）,whichwastheoldnameforJingdezhen（景德镇）.TheporcelainmadeinChangnanwassmoothandbright,andearnedanothernameofartificialjade.ItbecamefamousbothhomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlargequantities.InEurope,peopleregardedChangnanporcelainassomethingpreciousanddelicateandwouldtakeprideinpossessingone.Astimepassed,peopleinEuropeforgotthemeaningofChangnanandswitchedtheoriginalmeaningofporcelainoftheword“china”totheplaceofitsorigin.Chapter2ChinesePhilosophyandReligionPart1ChineseThoughtsandPhilosophyWordsandExpressions:Confucianism 儒家Taoism 道家TheAnalects《论语》benevolence 仁慈，善行ritual 礼制，仪式，惯例filialpiety 孝，孝心TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes（先秦子学）TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty（两汉经学）MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties（魏晋玄学）ThebuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties（隋唐佛学）Neo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties（宋明理学）ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties（明清实学）ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes（先秦子学）ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalviews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism （ 儒 家 ） ,Taoism （ 道 家 ） ,Mohism（墨家）andLegalism（法家）1.C...
