专升本英语语法非谓语动词

专升本英语语法(2)--非谓语动词 非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。 一、动词不定式 1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing 2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important. 2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day. 3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 4） 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn’t notice them come in. 注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let 等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带 to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带 to, 其中 let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为 sb. is let do sth. help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带 to，也可不带 to. 即 help sb.(to)do sth. 5） 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 6）状语： A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day to/in order to/so as to improve her English. 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。 B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here. C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。 △在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 注：too 之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外，too 后如果是 happy, glad 之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意. 如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in...