学位英语语法基础知识:句法分析1、主语:是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词,主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.名词作主语2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.代词作主语3)Twoandtenistwelve.数词作主语4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.动名词作主语5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.动词不定式作主语6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.从句作主语2、谓语:说明主语的动作,状态或特征1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Hisfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedhappy.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.3)Howmanypiecesdoyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。1)Thegovernmentappointed(任命)herchiefdelegate(首席代表)totheconference.2)Idon‘tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder(有序).4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.5、表语:位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。1)Wang‘sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.15)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.还有位于以下系动词后面的词,我们也称之为表语:表示感官的:look--fxgr--seem(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉起来):Helooksdisappointed(形容词作表语)他看起来很失望。Therubbishsmellsterrible.垃圾很难闻。表示变化的:get、become、turn(变得)。Itbecomeshotterandhotter(形容词作表语)。天变得越来越热了。6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,翻译常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.7、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,Iwillreadsomestory-books.8、同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)学位英语语法基础知识:词法分析-构词法1.转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法,学位英语最常考的是形容词转化为名词。表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词:Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。Iwanttowriteinred.我想用红笔写字。某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数。2Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2.派生法1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变...