精品文档---下载后可任意编辑有机物的英文名称有机化合物英文名称要表示出碳链的长短和所带的基团种类。The two basic features: a root indicating how many carbon atoms are in the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms a prefix and/or suffix to indicate the family to which the compound belongs. puts the three parts of the name (branch + root + family) together to form the compounds name, with the branch names prefixing the root, and the family name taking its usual form.一,碳链的长短(root,烷烃为例)methane [甲烷] ; 甲基:methylethane [乙烷] ; 乙基:ethylpropane [丙烷] 丙基:(n, iso)propyl n-, 正,iso-异butane [丁烷] ; 丁基 : ( n, iso, sec, 叔:tert ) butylpentane [戊烷] ; pentadecane [十五烷]hexane [己烷 ] hexadecane [ 十六烷] ; heptane [庚烷 ] ; heptadecane [ 十七烷] ; octane [辛烷 ] ; octadecane [十八烷]nonane [壬烷]; nonadecane [十九烷 ] ;decane [ 葵烷] ; undecane [ 十一烷] ; dodecane [ 十二烷]tridecane [ 十三烷 ] ; tetradecane [十四烷] ; 二,基团的种类(family)1,脂肪族烷:-ane ; 烯:-ene ; 炔:-yne ;醇:-ol ; 醛:-al ; 酮:-one ; 酸:- oic醚: ether ; (含氧酸盐)酯:-ate ; poly-, 聚 cyclo-环例子:2-pentene : 2-戊烯 pentyne : 戊炔 3-pentanol : 3-戊醇pentanal : 戊醛 pentanone : 戊酮 pentanoic acid : 戊酸sodium pentanoate : 戊酸钠 ethyl propanate : 戊酸乙酯dimethylether : 二甲醚 1,3-cyclopentadiene : 1,3-环戊二烯polyethylene : 聚乙烯cis [trans ]-dichloroethylene : 顺 [反]-二氯乙烯potassium 2,3-dichloropropanate : 2,3-二氯戊酸钾2,芳香族:苯:benzene ; 苯酚:phenol ; 溴苯:bromobenzeneo- :邻 m- :间 p- :对邻二溴苯:o-dibromobenzene 对二硝基苯:p-dinitrobenzene benzonic acid : 苯甲酸 sodium benzonate : 苯甲酸钠 m-chlorobenzonic acid : 间-氯代苯甲酸饱和 Saturated烃:只含 C, H 的化合物Hydrogen 去词尾 +carbon——→hydrocarbon 烃 (可数...