约克安特卫普规则1994（YORK-ANTWERPRULES,1994）IntheadjustmentofgeneralaveragethefollowingRulesshallapplytotheexclusionofanyLawandPracticeinconsistenttherewith.共同海损理算，适用下列规则，凡与这些规则相抵触的法律和惯例都不适用。ExceptasprovidedbytheRuleParamountandthenumberedRules,generalaverageshallbeadjustedaccordingtotheletteredRules.除首要规则和数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。RULEPARAMOUNT首要规则Innocaseshalltherebeanyallowanceforsacrificeorexpenditureunlessreasonablymadeorincurred.牺牲或费用，除合理做出或支付者外，不得受到补偿。RULEA规则AThereisageneralaverageactwhen,andonlywhen,anyextraordinarysacrificeorexpenditureisintentionallyandreasonablymadeorincurredforthecommonsafetyforthepurposeofpreservingfromperilthepropertyinvolvedinacommonmaritimeadventure.只有在为了共同安全，使同一航程中的财产脱离危险，有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用时，才能构成共同海损行为。Generalaveragesacrificesandexpendituresshallbebornebythedifferentcontributinginterestsonthebasishereinafterprovided.共同海损牺牲和费用，应按下列规定，由各分摊方分摊。RULEB规则BThereisacommonmaritimeadventurewhenoneormorevesselsaretowingorpushinganothervesselorvessels,providedthattheyareallinvolvedincommercialactivitiesandnotinasalvageoperation.如果船舶拖带或顶推其他船舶而它们都从事商业活动而不是救助作业，则处于同一航程之中。Whenmeasuresaretakentopreservethevesselsandtheircargoes,ifany,fromacommonperil,theseRulesshallapply.如果所采取的措施是为了使这些船舶及其货物（如果有）脱离共同危险，则应适用本规则。Avesselisnotincommonperilwithanothervesselorvesselsifbysimplydisconnectingfromtheothervesselorvesselssheisinsafety;butifthedisconnectionisitselfageneralaverageactthecommonmaritimeadventurecontinues.如果一艘船舶只要脱离其他船舶便能获得安全，则同其他船舶不处于共同的危险之中，但如果脱离本身是共同海损行为，则共同航程继续存在。RULEC规则COnlysuchlosses,damagesorexpenseswhicharethedirectconsequenceofthegeneralaverageactshallbeallowedasgeneralaverage.只有属于共同海损行为直接后果的损失或费用，才应作为共同海损。Innocaseshalltherebeanyallowanceingeneralaverageforlosses,damagesorexpensesincurredinrespectofdamagetotheenvironmentorinconsequenceoftheescapeorreleaseofpollutantsubstancesfromthepropertyinvolvedinthecommonmaritimeadventure.环境损害或因同一航程中的财产漏出或排放污染物所引起的损失或费用不得认作共同海损。Demurrage,lossofmarket,andanylossordamagesustainedorexpenseincurredbyreasonofdelay,whetheronthevoyageorsubsequently,andanyindirectlosswhatsoever,shallnotbeadmittedasgeneralaverage.不论是在航程中或其后发生的滞期损失、行市损失和任何因迟延所遭受的损失或支付的费用以及任何间接损失都不得认作共同海损。RULED规则DRightstocontributioningeneralaverageshallnotbeaffected,thoughtheeventwhichgaverisetothesacrificeorexpendituremayhavebeenduetothefaultofoneofthepartiestotheadventure,butthisshallnotprejudiceanyremediesordefenceswhichmaybeopenagainstortothatpartyinrespectofsuchfault.即使引起牺牲或费用的事故，可能是由于航程中某一方的过失所造成的，也不影响要求分摊共同海损的权利，但这不妨碍非过失方与过失方之间就此项过失可能提出的任何索赔或抗辩。RULEE规则ETheonusofproofisuponthepartyclaimingingeneralaveragetoshowthatthelossorexpenseclaimedisproperlyallowableasgeneralaverage.提出共同海损索赔的一方应负举证责任，证明所索赔的损失或费用应作为共同海损。Allpartiesclaimingingeneralaverageshallgivenoticeinwritingtotheaverageadjust...
