http://www.kuke99.com专升本语法结构部分(一)动词时态注意:时态语态常连考,被动考的相对多!常考点:各种完成时(by+时间状语最常考)做题关键:看相关时间状语与固定句型现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking1.一般现在时(1)表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。例:Shevisitsherparentseveryday.Summerfollowsspring.(2)表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。如:上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。例:Don’thurry.Themeetingstartsataquarterpasteight.2.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。常与yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago,in1983,justnow,when等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。例:Itwasintheyear1972thattheNewYorkStockExchangewasfounded.(2005专英24)Weoftenplayedtogetherwhttp://www.kuke99.comhenwewerechildren.Halfofhisgoodswerestolentheotherday.(201327)3.一般将来时(1)表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常接时间状语tomorrow,soon或短语nextyear/week/month,inafewdays,inthefuture,sometime。(2)beto+动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。或计划中约定的、按要求必须要做的事。例:Whoistocleantheclassroomtoday?Thebridgeistobecompletedbytheendofthisyear.(3)beaboutto+动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。例:Bequiet.Theconcertisabouttostart.(4)在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。口诀:主将/祈从现。例:Pleasetellhertocometomyofficeassoonasshecomesback.We’llbeginourmeetingwhetherhecomesornot.(5)makesure,makecertain,check,see(toit):(确保、务必)+that从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例:Seetoitthatyouincludeinthepaperwhateverquestionstheydidn’tknowtheanswertolasttime.4.现在完成时(1)表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作,其结果的影响现在依然存在。或者表示从过去http://www.kuke99.com某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(2)与现在完成时连用的短语和句型:短语:already,yet,just,ever,before;thismonth/week/year;now/recently/lately/thesedays;in/for/duringthepastyears;twice,threetimes,(ever)since+时间点,for+时间段,sofar,bynow,uptonow,tillnow。句型:It/This/Thatis\[willbe\]thefirsttimethat+主语+has/have+过去分词(……第一次……);This/That/Itis+the+形容词最高级+名词+that+主语+has/have+过去分词…例:Ithasbeenexactly30yearssinceIgraduatedfromcollege.(20019)IhavebeentotheWestLakethreetimessince1970.(200729)Anewanalysisindicatesthattheoutputofcottonhasgoneupby20%bynow.(20051)ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedyourbeautifulcity.That’sthemostinterestingbookI’veeverread.注:非延续性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用,在否定式中则可。例:Ihaven’tmethimfortwoyears.5.过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(“过去的过去”),或从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。http://www.kuke99...