2 0 0 7 年秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题 考试科目：101 英语（A ） 考生注意事项： 1. Paper One 的答案全部做在答题卡上，否则不计分。 2. 试卷类型统一划 “A”。 3. 准考证号码前六位为 “000000”，后三位为考生的考试序号。 4. Paper Two 的答案做在答题纸上，否则不计分。 Paper One (90MINS.) Part I. Reading Comprehension(50%) Tex t 1: Neuroscience shows that the soul is the activity of the brain. Every evening our eyes tell us that the sun sets, while we know that, in fact, the Earth is turning us away from it. Astronomy taught us centuries ago that common sense is not a reliable guide to reality. Today it is neuroscience that is forcing us to readjust our intuitions. People naturally believe in the Ghost in the Machine: that we have bodies made of matter and spirits made of an ethereal thing. Yes, people acknowledge that the brain is involved in mental life. But they still think of it as a pocket PC for the soul, managing information at the behest of a ghostly user. Modem neuroscience has shown that there is no user. “The soul” is, in fact, the information-processing activity of the brain. New imaging techniques have tied every thought and emotion to neural activity. And any change to the brain — from strokes, drugs, electricity or surgery — will literally change your mind. But this understanding hasn’t penetrated the conventional wisdom. We tell people to “use their brains,” we speculate about brain transplants (which really should be called body transplants) and we express astonishment that meditation, education and psychotherapy can actually change the brain, How else could they work? This resistance is not surprising. In “Descartes’ Baby,” psychologist Paul Bloom argues that a mind-body distinction is...
