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1中华文明Chinesecivilization文明摇篮cradleofcivilization华夏祖先theChineseancestors秦始皇帝FirstEmperor,EmperorChin皇太后EmpressDowager汉高祖刘邦founderoftheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD)成吉思汗GenghisKhan;Temujin夏朝XiaDynasty明清两代(of)MingandQingdynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川Sichuan,Szechwan,Szechuan陝西Shaanxi四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass汉字Chinesecharacter单音节singlesyllable汉语四声调thefourtonesofChinesecharacters阳平leveltone阴平risingtone上声falling-risingtone去声fallingtone四书theFourBooks《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《春秋》theSpringandAutumnAnnals《史记》HistoricalRecords《诗经》TheBooksofSongs;TheBookofOdes《书经》TheBooksofHistory《易经》IChing;TheBookofChanges《礼记》TheBookofRites《孝经》BookofFilialPiety《孙子兵法》TheArtofWar《三字经》TheThree-CharacterScripture;TheThree-WordChant《三国演义》ThreeKingdoms《西游记》JourneytotheWest;PilgrimagetotheWest《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror;ComprehensiveHistoryRetoldasaMirrorforRulers2《西厢记》TheRomanceofWestChamber《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes;TalesoftheWaterMargin《聊斋志异》StrangeTalesofaLonelyStudio;StrangeTalesfromMake-DoStudio《围城》FortressBesieged《阿Q正传》TheTrueStoryofAhQ五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave八股文eight-partessay;stereotypedwriting重要文化遗产majorculturalheritage优秀民间艺术outstandingfolkarts文物culturalrelics中国画traditionalChinesepainting书法calligraphy水墨画Chinesebrushpainting;inkandwashpainting工笔traditionalChineserealisticpainting中国结Chineseknot旗袍Cheongsam中山装Chinesetunicsuit唐装traditionalChinesegarments(clothing)，Tangsuit朝廷使者royalcourtenvoy文人menofletters雅士refinedscholars表演艺术performingart现代流行艺术popularart,popart纯艺术highart高雅艺术refinedart电影艺术cinematographicart戏剧艺术theatricalart才子佳人giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies生(男性正面角色)male(thepositivemalerole)旦(女性正面角色)female(thepositivefemalerole)净(性格鲜明的男性配角)asupportingmalerolewithstrikingcharacter丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色)aclownoranegativerole花脸paintedrole歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面,搞笑小噱头shtick滑稽短剧skit京剧人物脸谱PekingOperaMask皮影戏shadowplay;leather-silhouetteshow说书story-telling叠罗汉makeahumanpyramid折子戏operahighlights踩高跷stiltwalk3哑剧pantomime;mime哑剧演员pantomimist戏剧小品skit马戏circusshow单口相声monologuecomictalk,standupcomedy特技表演stunt相声wittydialoguecomedy,comiccrosstalk杂技acrobatics京韵大鼓thetraditionalstory-tellinginBeijingdialectwithdrumaccompaniment秦腔Shaanxiopera武术martialart功夫kungfu武术门派stylesorschoolsofmartialart习武健身practicemartialartforfitness气功qigong,deepbreathingexercises拳击boxing篆刻sealcuttingupriteous工艺,手艺workmanship/craftsmanship卷轴scroll蜡染batik泥人clayfigure漆画lacquerpainting唐三彩Trio-coloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty景泰蓝cloisonné文房四宝ThefourstationerytreasuresoftheChinesestudy---awritingbrush,aninkstick,aninkstoneandpaper民间传说folklores寓言fable传说legend神话mythology古为今用,洋为中用makethepastservethepresentandtheforeignservechina赋诗inscribeapoem对对联matchinganantitheticalcouplet阳历solarcalendar公历Gregoriancalendar阴历lunarcalendar天干heavenlystem地支earthlybranch闰年leapyear二十四节气thetwenty-foursolarterms十二生肖thetweleChinesezodiacsigns4本命年one'syearofbirthconsideredinrelationtothe12TerrestrialBranches传统节日traditionalholidays春节theSpringFestival元宵节theLanternFestival(15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth)清明节thePureBrightnessFestival/theTomb-sweepingDay(Aprilthe5th)端午节theDragonBoatFestival(5thofthefifthlunarmonth)中秋节theMoonFestival/theMid-AutumnDay(15thoftheeightlunarmonth)重阳节theDoubleNinthDay/theAgedDay5