高中英语 Unit7 lesson4 sea stories-grammar学案 北师大版必修3

Lesson4 Sea Stories-grammar 学案语法知识：定语从句（一） 限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）指人指物关系代词Who,whom, that, whoseThat, which二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 表原因：why=for which 表地点：where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)表时间：when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)（二）非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4. 有时 as 也可用作关系代词5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词 why 和关系代词 that，而用 who, whom 代表人，用用心 爱心 专心1which,whose 代表事物.；（三）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.【注意】1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whose.3. “介词+关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, ne...