高中英语：Module6 《War and Peace语法及考点解析》学案（外研版选修6）

定语从句重、难点易错档案一、语意重复。定语从句的引导词在从句中都要充当一定的成分，所以从句里相应的句子成分不能再保留，否则就犯了语意重复的错误。如：The main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars.The main topic 是先行词，关系代词 that 或 which 在从句中作宾语，被省略了，所以做宾语的替代词 it 不能再出现了。二、分裂现象。如无特殊原因，定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后。如：Everything that has weight and occupies space is called matter.初学者很容易将此意表达成：Everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space. 这就是人为地造成的分裂现象。但是有时定语从句和先行词之间需要插入定语、状语或谓语时则另当别论。如：There is an expression in his eyes that I cannot understand.先行词与定语从句之间被 in his eyes 隔开了。三、主、谓不一致。当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应该和先行词的数与格保持一致，否则就是犯了主、谓不一致的错误。如：God bless this ship and all that sail in her. (Bible)本例先行词 all 指的是“所有的人”，所以定语从句的谓语不能用 sails。四、关系代词 that、who 直接置于介词后。关系代词前有介词时，关系代词必须用 which（指物）或 whom (指人)，而且不能省略。如果把介词放到句子的后部去，这时关系代词可用 that 或who,也可以把它们省略。如：The cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced. 由于关系代词直接置于介词 at 之后，所以只能用 which，而且不能省略。五、关系代词作定语时的误用。不管先行词是指人还是物，关系代词在从句中作定语时，都必须用 whose；但指物时，还可以用“the + 名词 + of which”或“which of its + 名词”的形式表示。如：This is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced.本例中的 whose functions 还可以用 which of its functions 或者 the functions of which 替换。六、关系代词 that 的误用。先行词是以下某种情形时，必须用 that 引导定语从句：（1）被形容词最高级或序数词修饰；（2）被 every, only, any, just, right, no 等词修饰；（3）是 all, few, little, much, n...