英语化学教学课件Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryVIP免费

Unit1TheRootsofChemistryI.Comprehension.1.C2.B3.D4.C5.BII.Makeasentenceoutofeachitembyrearrangingthewordsinbrackets.1.Thepurificationofanorganiccompoundisusuallyamatterofconsiderabledifficulty,anditisnecessarytoemployvariousmethodsforthispurpose.2.Scienceisanever-increasingbodyofaccumulatedandsystematizedknowledgeandisalsoanactivitybywhichknowledgeisgenerated.3.Life,afterall,isonlychemistry,infact,asmallexampleofchemistryobservedonasinglemundaneplanet.4.Peoplearemadeofmolecules;someofthemoleculesinpeoplearerathersimplewhereasothersarehighlycomplex.5.Chemistryiseverpresentinourlivesfrombirthtodeathbecausewithoutchemistrythereisneitherlifenordeath.6.Mathematicsappearstobealmostashumankindandalsopermeatesallaspectsofhumanlife,althoughmanyofusarenotfullyawareofthis.III.Translation.1.(a)chemicalprocess(b)naturalscience(c)thetechniqueofdistillation2.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike/andsoon/andsoforth/andotherwise.3.Chemistryhasaverylonghistory,infact,humanactivityinchemistrygoesbacktoprerecordedtimes/predatingrecordedtimes.4.Accordingto/Fromtheevaporationofwater,peopleknow/realizedthatliquidscanturn/be/changeintogasesundercertainconditions/circumstance/environment.5.Youmustknowthepropertiesofthematerialbeforeyouuseit.IV.Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。V.Solution:（1）Therelativemassof1Hand12Catomscanbecalculatedfromtheirabsolutemassesingrams.Ifthemassofa12Catomisexactly12amu,thenthemassofa1Hatomtofivesignificantfiguresmustbe1.0078amu.12amux0.083986=1.0078amu（2）Firstwecalculatekandthenusethefirst-orderrateequation.Thebonewastossedaway(moreprecisely,theanimalwhosebonewasdied)about6100yearsago,orabout4100B.C.Wecanthusbesurethatavillagewasinexistenceatthatplaceatthattime.Unit7TheNomenclatureofInorganicSubstancesI.Comprehension1.A2.B3.C4.C5.BII.Givethesystematicnameforthefollowingammoniumion;copper(II)ion;strontiumion;Ccopper(I)ion;iron(II)ion;zincion;hydrogenion;lead((II)ion;aluminum;silverion;magnesiumion;chromium(III)ion;Barium;Manganese(II)ion;iron(III)ion;calciumion;mercury(II)ion;chromium(II)ion;tin(II)ion.carbonmonoxide;ditrogentrioxide;carbondioxide;diphosphoruspentoxide;sulfurtrioxide;dichlorineheptoxidearsenateion;sulfiteion;hydrideion;arseniteion;bromideion;hydroxideion;phosphateion;chlorateion;hypochloriteion;phosphateion;chlorideion;iodateion;carbonateion;chloriteion;nitrateion;chromateion;cyanideion;iodideion;dichromateion;fluorideion;nitrateion;oxideion;hydrogencarbonateion;nitriteion;sulfideion;hydrogensulfateion;perchlorateion;sulfateion;hydrogensulfiteion;permanganateion.III.Completethetable.FormulaOldnameSystematicnameFeOiron(II)oxideFe2O3iron(III)oxideSn(OH)2tin(II)hydroxideSn(OH)4tin(IV)hydroxideHg2SO4mercury(I)sulfateHgSO4mercury(II)sulfateNaCLOsodiumhypochloriteK2Cr2O7potassiumdichromateCu3(AsO4)2copper(II)arsenateCr(C2H3O2)3chromium(IV)acetateIV.Acidnamesmaybeobtaineddirectlyfromitsacidionbychangingthenameoftheacidion(negativeion).Usetheruletogivethenameofthefollowingacid.FormulaofacidOldnameNameofacidH2CO3carbonicacidHClO2chlorousacidHClO4per...